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We are delighted to present the inaugural Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine “Rising Stars” article collection. This collection showcases the high-quality work of internationally recognized researchers in the early stages of their independent careers. All Rising Star researchers were individually nominated by the Chief Editors of the Journal in recognition of their potential to influence the future directions in their respective fields. The work presented here highlights the diversity of research performed across the entire breadth of cardiovascular medicine, including the elucidation of fundamental biology, the development of novel diagnostics or therapeutics, computational modelling approaches, and bioengineering strategies for regeneration.
Breast cancer is the most common tumor in females worldwide. Cancer epigenetics and metabolic reprogramming are known cancer hallmarks. Recent advances in the field of epigenetics include histone modification, DNA methylation, and non-coding RNAs. In contrast to genetic modifications, epigenetics refers to a set of dynamic alterations. By controlling the on and off states of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, as well as re-engineering the tumor microenvironment, epigenetics plays a crucial role in the initiation and progression of carcinogenesis. Additionally, the complex process of metabolic reprogramming is required for both malignant transformation and tumor development, including invasion and metastasis. Furthermore, reprogrammed metabolic activities have been utilized to diagnose, monitor, and treat cancer patients. In tumor tissues, metabolic heterogeneity was found to take a role in the adaptation to the microenvironment drastic changes resulting from current therapeutic modalities.
Over the last few years, new high-throughput biotechnologies are revolutionizing our ways to utilize human biospecimens for understanding atherosclerotic disease. These recent advances allow deep profiling of individual cells at the genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics and proteomics levels, or even simultaneous detection of various combinations of ‘Omics’ in the same cell. Additionally, novel methods to integrate data at different levels from tissue sections and dissociated tissues are the emerging trends in large and institutional biobank studies. Growing literature has shown the value of such sequencing and bioinformatic strategies in shedding light on (1) how risk genes, as identified by the Genome-Wide Association Study, contribute to atherogenesis (genotype to phenotype), and (2) how features of atherosclerotic lesions affect patient response in clinical trials (phenotype to the clinical outcome). The hybrid of cutting-edge biotechnologies and bioinformatic approaches helps us maximize biobank resources to accelerate bench-to-bedside research.
Chronic oxidative stress is associated with the aging process and often leads to the development of disorders such as cancer and arterial disease. Cardiovascular conditions in which oxidation damage has been strongly implicated include atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, coronary restenosis, diabetes mellitus, and congestive heart failure. Antioxidants and Cardiovascular Disease, Second Edition covers three major topics: 1) the first seven chapters review the oxidative modifcation hypothesis and its close relationship to lipid metabolism and to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis; 2) the next four chapters describe the different compounds, nutrients and supplements with ant...
Though U.S. leaders try to convince the world of their success in fighting al Qaeda, one anonymous member of the U.S. intelligence community would like to inform the public that we are, in fact, losing the war on terror. Further, until U.S. leaders recognize the errant path they have irresponsibly chosen, he says, our enemies will only grow stronger. According to the author, the greatest danger for Americans confronting the Islamist threat is to believe-at the urging of U.S. leaders-that Muslims attack us for what we are and what we think rather than for what we do. Blustering political rhetor.
Originally published: New York: Harper & Row, c1988.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a rapidly developing field in basic applied science and clinical practice. Research efforts in this area have already been recognized with five Nobel prizes awarded to seven Nobel laureates in the past 70 years. Based on courses taught at The Johns Hopkins University, Magnetic Resonance Imaging: The Basics provid
This report examines the role of incentives, trust, and engagement as critical determinants of service delivery performance in MENA countries. Focusing on education and health, the report illustrates how the weak external and internal accountability undermines policy implementation and service delivery performance and how such a cycle of poor performance can be counteracted. Case studies of local success reveal the importance of both formal and informal accountability relationships and the role of local leadership in inspiring and institutionalizing incentives toward better service delivery performance. Enhancing services for MENA citizens requires forging a stronger social contract among pu...