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This book, Volume 4 in the series, is dedicated to the relationship between laboratory spectroscopy, recording ever-more-complex spectra using increasingly powerful instruments benefiting from the latest technology, and the development of observation using instruments that are embedded in mobile probes or nanosatellites. The theoretical models described in Volumes 1, 2 and 3 are used in this volume, applying the cumulant theorem in the mean-field theory framework to interpret the near and mid-infrared spectra of symmetric top molecules, such as ammonia (NH3) and spherical molecules, such as methane (CH4). These molecules can be isolated in their gaseous form or subjected to the environmental constraints of a nano-cage (a substitution site, clathrate, fullerene or zeolite) or surfaces. These methods are not only valuable in the fields of environmental sciences, planetology and astrophysics, but also fit into the framework of data processing and the concept of Big Data.
This book is dedicated to the description and application of various different theoretical models to identify the near and mid-infrared spectra of symmetric and spherical top molecules in their gaseous form. Theoretical models based on the use of group theory are applied to rigid and non-rigid molecules, characterized by the phenomenon of tunneling and large amplitude motions. The calculation of vibration-rotation energy levels and the analysis of infrared transitions are applied to molecules of ammonia (NH3) and methane (CH4). The applications show how interactions at the molecular scale modify the near and mid-infrared spectra of isolated molecules, under the influence of the pressure of a nano-cage (the substitution site of a rare gas matrix, clathrate, fullerene or zeolite) or a surface, and allow us to identify the characteristics of the perturbing environment. This book provides valuable support for teachers and researchers but is also intended for engineering students, working research engineers and Masters and doctorate students.
This book is dedicated to the application of the different theoretical models described in Volume 1 to identify the near-, mid- and far-infrared spectra of linear and nonlinear triatomic molecules in gaseous phase or subjected to environmental constraints, useful for the study of environmental sciences, planetology and astrophysics. The Van Vleck contact transformation method, described in Volume 1, is applied in the calculation and analysis of IR transitions between vibration–rotation energy levels. The extended Lakhlifi–Dahoo substitution model is used in the framework of Liouville’s formalism and the line profiles of triatomic molecules and their isotopologues subjected to environmental constraints are calculated by applying the cumulant expansion. The applications presented in this book show how interactions at the molecular level modify the infrared spectra of triatomics trapped in a nano-cage (substitution site of a rare gas matrix, clathrate, fullerene, zeolite) or adsorbed on a surface, and how these interactions may be used to identify the characteristics of the perturbing environment.
This book describes different theoretical models developed to identify the near and mid infrared (IR) spectra of diatomic molecules isolated in the gas phase or subjected to environmental constraints, useful for the study of environmental sciences, planetology and astrophysics. The applications presented show how molecular interactions modify the near and mid IR spectra of isolated diatomics under the effect of pressure, a nano-cage (substitution site, Clathrate, Fullerene, Zeolite) or surfaces, to identify the characteristics of the perturbing environment.
The book provides readers with a snapshot of recent research and industrial trends in field of industrial acoustics and vibration. Each chapter, accepted after a rigorous peer-review process, reports on a selected, original piece of work presented and discussed at the Fourth International Conference on Acoustics and Vibration (ICAV2022), which was organized by the Tunisian Association of Industrial Acoustics and Vibration (ATAVI) and held in hybrid format on December 19–21, 2022, in and from Sousse, Tunisia. The contributions cover advances in both theory and practice in a variety of subfields, such as structural and machine dynamics and vibrations, fault diagnosis and prognosis, nonlinear...
The first multi-disciplinary review of our new understanding of molecular hydrogen in space, and its role in the early Universe.
This book presents a collection of independent mathematical studies, describing the analytical reduction of complex generic problems in the theory of scattering and propagation of electromagnetic waves in the presence of imperfectly conducting objects. Their subjects include: a global method for scattering by a multimode plane; diffraction by an impedance curved wedge; scattering by impedance polygons; advanced properties of spectral functions in frequency and time domains; bianisotropic media and related coupling expressions; and exact and asymptotic reductions of surface radiation integrals. The methods developed here can be qualified as analytical when they lead to exact explicit expressions, or semi-analytical when they drastically reduce the mathematical complexity of studied problems. Therefore, they can be used in mathematical physics and engineering to analyse and model, but also in applied mathematics to calculate the scattered fields in electromagnetism for a low computational cost.
Acoustics of Fluid Media 1 is intended for undergraduate students and engineering students, as well as graduate students and professionals in the industry who are increasingly faced with the need to consider acoustic constraints in the design of new products. The physical principles and theoretical foundations of acoustics in fluids are first developed, including reflection and refraction of plane and spherical waves. The book then introduces notions of signal processing applied to sound waves, followed by radiation from surface or volume acoustic sources and the use of Green’s functions, as well as the description of diffraction and scattering phenomena. The final chapters are devoted to sound propagation in ducts and room acoustics. Each chapter is accompanied by a limited number of exercises, ranging from the simple application of formulas to problems requiring a more advanced theoretical analysis or a numerical solution. Throughout the book, the theoretical results are illustrated with numerous figures obtained from measurements or numerical simulations resulting from the evaluation of complex formulas or from the use of a finite element solver.
The conception of lasers and optoelectronic devices such as solar cells have been made possible, thanks to the modern day mastery of processes that harness the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter. This first volume is dedicated to thermal radiation and experimental facts that reveal the quantification of matter. The study of black body radiation allows the introduction of fundamental precepts such as Plancks law and the energy-related qualities that characterize radiation. The properties of light and wave–particle duality are also examined, based on the interpretation of light interferences, the photoelectric effect and the Compton effect. This book goes on to investigate the hydrogen atomic emission spectrum and how it dovetails into our understanding of quantum numbers to describe the energy, angular momentum, magnetic moment and spin of an electron. A look at the spectroscopic notation of the states explains the different wavelengths measured from the splitting of spectral lines. Finally, this first volume is completed by the study of de Broglies wave theory and Heisenbergs uncertainty principle, which facilitated the advancement of quantum mechanics.
In the last few decades, metamaterials have revolutionized the ways in which waves are controlled, and applied in physics and practical situations. The extraordinary properties of metamaterials, such as their locally resonant structure with deep subwavelength band gaps and their ranges of frequency where propagation is impossible, have opened the way to a host of applications that were previously unavailable. Acoustic metamaterials have been able to replace traditional treatments in several sectors, due to their better performance in targeted and tunable frequency ranges with strongly reduced dimensions. This is a training book composed of nine chapters written by experts in the field, giving a broad overview of acoustic metamaterials and their uses. The book is divided into three parts, covering the state-of-the-art, the fundamentals and the real-life applications of acoustic metamaterials.