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Basalt
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Black Basalt
The prominence of Josiah Wedgwood as a developer of this material ensured his factory was the market leader when basalt was at its most fashionable, towards the latter part of the eighteenth and early nineteenth century, but many other factories produced
A Photographic Atlas of Flood Basalt Volcanism
This unique book presents hundreds of spectacular photographs of large-scale to small-scale field geological features of flood basalt volcanism from around the world. Major flood basalt provinces covered in this book include the British Palaeogene, Central Atlantic Magmatic Province, Columbia River, Deccan, East Greenland, Emeishan, Ethiopian, Ferrar-Karoo-Tasmania, Iceland, Indo-Madagascar, Paraná, Siberian, West Greenland, and others. Intermediate- to small-sized flood basalts (such as Saudi Arabia and South Caucasus) are also included. Different chapters of the book illustrate varied features of flood basalts, including landscapes, lava flow morphology and stacking, structures formed dur...
The Columbia River Flood Basalt Province
The Miocene Columbia River flood basalt province covers ~210,000 km2 of the Pacific Northwest of the United States, and forms part of a larger volcanic region that also includes contemporaneous silicic centers in northern Nevada, the basaltic and time-transgressive rhyolitic volcanic fields of the Snake River Plain and Yellowstone plateau, and the High Lava Plains of central Oregon. The Columbia River flood basalt province is accessible and well exposed, making it one of the best-studied flood basalt provinces worldwide, and it serves as a model for understanding the stratigraphic development and petrogenesis of large igneous provinces through time. This volume details our current knowledge of the stratigraphy and physical volcanology; extent, volume, and age of the lava flows; the tectonic setting and history of the province; the petrogenesis of the lavas; and hydrogeology of the basalt aquifers.
Oceanic Basalts
Basalt is the most voluminous of all the igneous rocks. Extensive field, experimental, petrographic and geochemical studies of basalt have provided us with a considerable understanding of igneous petrogenesis, plate tectonics, and crust-mantle interaction and exchange. One important aspect of geology that has developed over the last few decades is the study of oceanic basalts. The ocean basins cover about two thirds of the earth's surface and are floored by a basement of oceanic basalt that is continuously undergoing generation at spreading centres and destruction at subduction zones, a process which throughout geological time is recognized as the principal means of generating new crust. The...
Basalt Quarrying on the Clee Hills, Shropshire
Thomas Telford, the Scottish road and bridge builder, knew enough about rocks to recommend that particularly hard basalt, locally known as dhu stone, which was found on the top of the Clee Hills in Shropshire would make a hard wearing and long lasting road material. The problem was extracting and transporting it. Railway engineers on the Shrewsbury to Ludlow railway successfully found investors and formed the Dhu Stone Quarry Company to construct a railway from Ludlow to Bitterley, a village just below Titterstone Clee. Geological surveys were undertaken and by 1867 an agreement had been signed with the landowner to open a quarry, labourers were employed to dig out the basalt and cut it into...
