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The Constitutional Law and Politics of Ethnic Accommodation
"This book explores whether the legal and political institutions of Afghanistan have been able to incorporate diverse ethnic groups into the political process. Ethnic accommodation has gained central stage in literature on institutional design and democratic consolidation. However, some divided societies are more explored than others and Afghanistan is one that is critically important for our theories of institutional design in a democratizing, plural society. The work examines the constitution and those provisions of electoral laws and political party laws that together have devised Afghan political institutions including those of the presidential system, unitary government, electoral syste...
Constitutional Law and the Politics of Ethnic Accommodation
This book explores whether the legal and political institutions of Afghanistan were able to incorporate diverse ethnic groups into the political process. Ethnic accommodation has gained central stage in the literature on institutional design and democratic consolidation. However, some divided societies are more explored than others, and Afghanistan is one understudied country that is critically important for testing and improving our theories of institutional design in a democratizing, plural society. This work examines the Constitution of 2004 and those provisions of electoral laws and political party laws that together devised Afghan political institutions including those of the presidenti...
Resilience of Educators in Extraordinary Circumstances: War, Disaster, and Emergencies
In August 2021, Afghanistan found itself in the grip of an unprecedented crisis as the Taliban swiftly regained control of the nation, quickly extinguishing the flame of academic freedom. The nation's educators and students faced an urgent dilemma and were compelled to escape persecution and navigate the perilous journey to safety. The once-promising dreams of university degrees for female students were overshadowed by the Taliban's restrictive educational policies. As the political situation changed quickly, chaos increased, leading to a hurried departure for many and creating a gap in the country's education system. The book, Resilience of Educators in Extraordinary Circumstances: War, Dis...
Political Laws and Ethnic Accommodation
Afghanistan suffers from an ethnic-based and fragmented party system. Although some cross-ethnic coalitions have emerged, especially during the presidential elections, these coalitions have failed to survive across elections and branches of government. As for what explains the failure of the consolidation of coalitions, some scholars pointed to the SNTV system and others to the presidential system. This study examines all related institutional designs, including the SNTV system for parliamentary elections, the runoff system for presidential elections, the presidential system, dual vice presidency, and party qualification thresholds. These systems and institutions are designed by three bodies...
Supermajority Voting in Constitutional Courts
This book challenges the wide use of majority rule in many constitutional courts for declaring statutes unconstitutional and argues that these courts should rather perform constitutional review by using supermajority rules. Considering that constitutional courts often tackle hard moral issues, it is questionable whether a bare majority of judges should suffice for settling them, especially considering these courts’ counter-majoritarian nature. Further, the wide use of majority rule for checking the constitutionality of legislation may increasingly risk their reputation. Such a concern is developing in the United States following a series of Supreme Court decisions. This book argues that ma...
Global Insights on Women Empowerment and Leadership
In a world persistently grappling with gender disparities, the quest for women's empowerment and leadership stands as a pivotal challenge on the global stage. Across diverse societies, the journey towards gender equality in leadership remains fraught with systemic barriers, deeply ingrained stereotypes, and institutional hurdles. From corporate boardrooms to political arenas, women continue to face challenges in realizing their leadership potential. Global Insights on Women Empowerment and Leadership unveils this intricate narrative, offering a nuanced exploration of the triumphs, challenges, and evolving landscapes that define women's pursuit of empowerment across continents and cultures. T...
Risks, Identity and Conflict
This volume explores the complex interrelation between risk, identity and conflict and focuses specifically on ethnicity, culture, religion and gender as modes of identity that are often associated with conflict in the contemporary world. It draws on theoretical perspectives as well as pays special attention to analysis of diverse case studies from Africa, Middle East, Europe, East and Southeast Asia and Latin America. Using various analytical tools and methodologies, it provides unique narratives of local and regional social risk factors and security complexities. The relationship between risk and security is multidimensional and perpetually changing, and lends itself to multiple interpretations. This publication provides a new ground for theoretical and policy debates to unlock innovative understanding of risk through analyses of identity as a significant factor in conflict in the world today. At the same time, it explores ways to address such conflicts in a more people-centered, empowering and sustainable way.
Exploring Educational Equity at the Intersection of Policy and Practice
In the complex environment of education, pervasive inequities persist, hindering progress towards a just and inclusive learning environment for all. Students from diverse backgrounds face barriers that impede their educational journey, perpetuating disparities and stifling the potential for collective growth. The need for transformative change is urgent, and it is within this pressing context that Exploring Educational Equity at the Intersection of Policy and Practice emerges as a beacon of hope and a solution-oriented guide for scholars, educators, policymakers, and all stakeholders committed to dismantling these barriers. Exploring Educational Equity at the Intersection of Policy and Pract...
Transformative Intercultural Global Education
In this tumultuous world, characterized by unprecedented migratory movements, societal evolution intersects with an increasing diversity that presents profound challenges. The global landscape is marked by 33 armed conflicts in 2022 alone, resulting in forced displacement and an exceeding count of 100 million displaced individuals worldwide. The traditional understanding of migration as a response to individualized prosecution has expanded to encompass "survival migration," incorporating environmental change and livelihood collapse. This paradigm shift necessitates a reevaluation of human rights and a compelling call for transformative global and intercultural education to address the vulner...
The Cambridge Handbook of Comparative Law
Comparative law is a common subject-matter of research and teaching in many universities around the world, and the twenty-first century has aptly been termed 'the era of comparative law'. This Cambridge Handbook of Comparative Law presents a truly global perspective of comparative law today. The contributors are drawn from all parts of the world to provide different perspectives on how we understand the 'law' and how it operates in practice. In substance, the Handbook contains 36 chapters covering a broad range of topics, divided under the following headings: 'Methods of Comparative Law' (Part I), 'Legal Families and Geographical Comparisons' (Part II), 'Central Themes in Comparative Law' (Part III); and 'Comparative Law beyond the State' (Part IV).
