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Epistemological Beliefs and Critical Thinking in Mathematics
Epistemological beliefs—i.e. beliefs on the nature of knowledge, its limits, sources, and justification—play an important role both in everyday life and in learning processes. This book comprises several studies dealing with such beliefs in the domain of mathematics; amongst others a qualitative interview study, and quantitative studies for which a new questionnaire has been developed. In this new instrument, belief position (e.g. “mathematical knowledge is certain” vs. “uncertain”) and belief argumentation (the way those positions are justified) are differentiated. Additionally, a test for mathematical critical thinking has been designed.The results show significant correlations between sophisticated belief argumentations and high scores in the critical thinking test, but no correlations regarding belief positions.
Measuring Teachers’ Beliefs Quantitatively
The use of Likert scale instruments for measuring teachers’ beliefs is criticized because of amplifying social desirability, reducing the willingness to make differentiations, and often providing less or no contexts. Those weaknesses may distort teachers’ responses to a Likert scale instrument, causing inconsistencies between their responses and their actions. Therefore, the author offers an alternative approach by employing rank-then-rate items and considering students’ abilities as one of the factors affecting teachers’ beliefs. The results confirm that the offered approach may give a better prediction about teachers’ beliefs than does a Likert scale instrument.
Problem Posing and Problem Solving in Mathematics Education
This book presents both theoretical and empirical contributions from a global perspective on problem solving and posing (PS/PP) and their application, in relation to the teaching and learning of mathematics in schools. The chapters are derived from selected presentations in the PS/PP Topical Study Group in ICME14. Although mathematical problem posing is a much younger field of inquiry in mathematics education, this topic has grown rapidly. The mathematics curriculum frameworks in many parts of the world have incorporated problem posing as an instructional focus, building on problem solving as its foundation. The juxtaposition of problem solving and problem posing in mathematics presented in this book addresses the needs of the mathematics education research and practice communities at the present day. In particular, this book aims to address the three key points: to present an overview of research and development regarding students’ mathematical problem solving and posing; to discuss new trends and developments in research and practice on these topics; and to provide insight into the future trends of mathematical problem solving and posing.
Mathematical Creativity and Mathematical Giftedness
This book discusses the relationships between mathematical creativity and mathematical giftedness. It gathers the results of a literature review comprising all papers addressing mathematical creativity and giftedness presented at the International Congress on Mathematical Education (ICME) conferences since 2000. How can mathematical creativity contribute to children’s balanced development? What are the characteristics of mathematical giftedness in early ages? What about these characteristics at university level? What teaching strategies can enhance creative learning? How can young children’s mathematical promise be preserved and cultivated, preparing them for a variety of professions? Th...
Mathematical Creativity
This book is important and makes a unique contribution in the field of mathematics education and creativity. The book comprises the most recent research by renowned international experts and scholars, as well as a comprehensive up to date literature review. The developmental lens applied to the research presented makes it unique in the field. Also, this book provides a discussion of future directions for research to complement what is already known in the field of mathematical creativity. Finally, a critical discussion of the importance of the literature in relation to development of learners and accordingly pragmatic applications for educators is provided. Many books provide the former (2) foci, but omit the final discussion of the research in relation to developmental needs of learners in the domain of mathematics. Currently, educators are expected to implement best practices and illustrate how their adopted approaches are supported by research. The authors and editors of this book have invested significant effort in merging theory with practice to further this field and develop it for future generations of mathematics learners, teachers and researchers.
The Relationship between Language and Spatial Ability
This work investigates how different fifth-grade students solve spatial-verbal tasks and the role of language in this process. Based on a synthesis of theoretical foundations and methodological issues for supporting the relationship between spatial ability and language, this present study examines and classifies strategies used by students as well as the obstacles they encounter when solving spatial tasks in the reconstruction method.
Mathematical Problem Posing
Mathematical problem posing as the substantive formulation of mathematical problems is an activity that lies at the heart of mathematics. In recent years, research in mathematics education has endeavored to gain insights into problem posing—conceptually as well as empirically. In problem-posing research, there has been a focus on analyzing products, that is, the posed problems. Insights into the processes that lead to these products, however, have so far been lacking. Within four journal articles, summarized in this cumulative dissertation, the author attempts to contribute to the understanding of problem-posing processes through conceptual considerations and empirical investigations. The conceptual part consists of a conducted systematic literature review to investigate problem-posing situations and problem-posing activities. The studies in the empirical part deal with the analyses of problem-posing processes of pre-service mathematics teachers from a macroscopic and microscopic perspective. The aim is to develop coherent and meaningful conceptual perspectives for analyzing empirical observations of problem-posing processes.
Views and Beliefs in Mathematics Education
The book is made up of 21 chapters from 25 presentations at the 23rd MAVI conference in Essen, which featured Alan Schoenfeld as keynote speaker. Of major interest to MAVI participants is the relationship between teachers’ professed beliefs and classroom practice. The first section is dedicated to classroom practices and beliefs regarding those practices, taking a look at prospective or practicing teachers’ views of different practices such as decision-making, the roles of explanations, problem-solving, patterning, and the use of play. The focus of the second section in this book deals with teacher change, which is notoriously difficult, even when the teachers themselves are interested in changing their practice. The third section of this book centers on the undercurrents of teaching and learning mathematics, what rises in various situations, causing tensions and inconsistencies. The last section of this book takes a look at emerging themes in affect-related research. In this section, papers discuss attitudes towards assessment.
Views and Beliefs in Mathematics Education
International mathematics education researchers give a differentiated overview of views and beliefs of both teachers and students. Beliefs about how to teach mathematics have a high impact on the instructional practice of teachers. In the same way, views and beliefs about mathematics are an essential factor to explain achievement and performance of students. The 19th MAVI conference added a variety of research perspectives to the international discussions of mathematics related beliefs. The authors of this volume have compiled a rich selection of research results, which may further enhance the discussion of MAVI topics in the future.
