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Genetics of Acquired Antimicrobial Resistance in Animal and Zoonotic Pathogens
Development and spread of antimicrobial resistance is the result of an evolutionary process by which microorganisms adapt to antibiotics through several mechanisms including alteration of drug target by mutation and horizontal transfer of resistance genes. The concomitant occurrence of independent antimicrobial resistance mechanisms is a serious threat to human health and has appeared in several emerging epidemic clones over the past decade in humans and also in animals. The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial drug resistance among animal and zoonotic foodborne pathogens is of particular concern for public health. In this Ebook, we gathered a collection of articles which deal with the most important aspects of the genetics of acquired antimicrobial resistance extending from medically-important resistance, emerging epidemic resistant clones, main mobile genetic elements spreading resistance, resistomes, dissemination between animals and humans, to the “One Health” concept.
Caractérisation des éléments génétiques mobiles du gène de résistance au florfénicol floR chez Salmonella enterica et Escherichia coli
The florfenicol is a fluorinated derivative of chloramphenicol. Florfenicol resistance has been mainly linked to the presence of the floR gene conferring cross-resistance to florfenicol and chloramphenicol by efflux. Two different genetic elements carrying floR have been identified in E. coli and S. enterica. A genetic element has been identified on plasmids and on the chromosome of E. coli. Moreover, this structure has also been identified on plasmids carrying the blaCMY-2 gene conferring resistance to third generation cephalosporins. The floR gene is part of a novel mobile element further identified as a novel transposon named TnfloR. The florfenicol resistance gene floR has also been identified in the complex integron of Salmonella Genomic Island 1. SGI1 has also been identified in different S. enterica serovars. The SGI1 mobility was desmonstrated by mobilization in trans by a helper conjugative plasmid. SGI1 was thus classified as an Integrative Mobilizable Element.
Defining Dress
This collection of essays brings together many separate but related issues which form the focus of contemporary research into the history of dress. Historically, in Britain at least, investigations of dress were primarily informed by historical and empirical protocols, although the symbolic meaning of dress was explored by anthroplogists and sociologists, who tended to concentrate on either non-Western cultures or British or Western sub-cultures. In recent years these approaches have moved closer together partly as a result of the impact of feminism.
An Introduction to Undergraduate Research in Computational and Mathematical Biology
Speaking directly to the growing importance of research experience in undergraduate mathematics programs, this volume offers suggestions for undergraduate-appropriate research projects in mathematical and computational biology for students and their faculty mentors. The aim of each chapter is twofold: for faculty, to alleviate the challenges of identifying accessible topics and advising students through the research process; for students, to provide sufficient background, additional references, and context to excite students in these areas and to enable them to successfully undertake these problems in their research. Some of the topics discussed include: • Oscillatory behaviors present in ...
