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Anderson Localization and Its Ramifications
The phenomenon of localization of the electronic wave function in a random medium can be regarded as the key manifestation of quantum coherence in a condensed matter system. As one of the most remarkable phenomena in condensed matter physics discovered in the 20th century, the localization problem is an indispensable part of the theory of the quantum Hall effects and rivals superconductivity in its significance as a manifestation of quantum coherence at a macroscopic scale. The present volume, written by some of the leading experts in the field, is intended to highlight some of the recent progress in the field of localization, with particular emphasis on the effect of interactions on quantum coherence. The chapters are written in textbook style and should serve as a reliable and thorough introduction for advanced students or researchers already working in the field of mesoscopic physics.
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Science and Engineering of One- and Zero-Dimensional Semiconductors
This volume comprises the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the Science and Engineering of 1- and O-dimensional semiconductors held at the University of Cadiz from 29th March to 1st April 1989, under the auspices of the NATO International Scientific Exchange Program. There is a wealth of scientific activity on the properties of two-dimensional semiconductors arising largely from the ease with which such structures can now be grown by precision epitaxy techniques or created by inversion at the silicon-silicon dioxide interface. Only recently, however, has there burgeoned an interest in the properties of structures in which carriers are further confined with only one or, in...
Computational Statistical Physics
In recent years statistical physics has made significant progress as a result of advances in numerical techniques. While good textbooks exist on the general aspects of statistical physics, the numerical methods and the new developments based on large-scale computing are not usually adequately presented. In this book 16 experts describe the application of methods of statistical physics to various areas in physics such as disordered materials, quasicrystals, semiconductors, and also to other areas beyond physics, such as financial markets, game theory, evolution, and traffic planning, in which statistical physics has recently become significant. In this way the universality of the underlying concepts and methods such as fractals, random matrix theory, time series, neural networks, evolutionary algorithms, becomes clear. The topics are covered by introductory, tutorial presentations.
Non-Centrosymmetric Superconductors
Superconductivity in materials without inversion symmetry in the respective crystal structures occurs in the presence of antisymmetric spin-orbit coupling as a consequence of an emerging electric field gradient. The superconducting condensate is then a superposition of spin-singlet and spin-triplet Cooper pairs. This scenario accounts for various experimental findings such as nodes in the superconducting gap or extremely large upper critical magnetic fields. Spin-triplet pairing can occur in non-centrosymmetric superconductors in spite of Anderson’s theorem that spin-triplet pairing requires a crystal structure that exhibits inversion symmetry. This book, authored and edited by leading researchers in the field, is both an introduction to and overview on this exciting branch of novel superconductors. Its self-contained and tutorial style makes it particularly suitable for self-study and as source of teaching material for special seminars and courses. At the same time it constitutes an up-to-date and authoritative reference for anyone working in this exciting field.
Computer-Supported Cooperative Work
A detailed introduction to interdisciplinary application area of distributed systems, namely the computer support of individuals trying to solve a problem in cooperation with each other but not necessarily having identical work places or working times. The book is addressed to students of distributed systems, communications, information science and socio-organizational theory, as well as to users and developers of systems with group communication and cooperation as top priorities.
Exciton Recombination in the Fullerene Phase of Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells
Finding alternatives to fossil fuel energy sources is necessary to stem global warming, to provide economic and political independence, and to keep up with increasing energy demand. Because of their low cost, flexibility, and because the material resources needed to make them are abundant, organic polymer solar cells are an attractive alternative to conventional solar technology. Organic solar technology has been developing rapidly; however, with the best power conversion efficiencies at ~8%, much improvement is needed before it can be competitive with established solar technologies. Poly-3-hexylthiophene:[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) solar cells are the most studied...
Recent Progress in Many-Body Theories
Quantum many-body theory as a discipline in its own right dates largely from the 1950's. It has developed since then to its current position as one of the cornerstones of modern theoretical physics. The field remains vibrant and active, vigorous and exciting. Its most powerful techniques are truly universal. They are constantly expanding to find new fields of application, while advances continue to be made in the more traditional areas.
Computational Physics
Computational Physics. Selected Methods, Simple Exercises, Serious Applications is an overview written by leading researchers of a variety of fields and developments. Selected Methods introduce the reader to current fields, including molecular dynamics, hybrid Monte-Carlo algorithms, and neural networks. Simple Exercises give hands-on advice for effective program solutions from a small number of lines to demonstration programs with elaborate graphics. Serious Applications show how questions concerning, for example, aging, many-minima optimisation, or phase transitions can be treated by appropriate tools. The source code and demonstration graphics are included on a 3.5" MS-DOS diskette.
