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Behind the Cloud
Thoughts are free - but they are no longer secret. Today, our data is automatically stored and analyzed by algorithms ”behind the cloud” - where we no longer have control over our data. Our most private and secret information is entrusted to the internet and permanently collected, stacked and linked to our digital twins. With and without our consent. "Privacy is dead", as Mark Zuckerberg put it. The question is: How did we get there? And, if the actors behind the cloud know everything: what is still private today, and are there any personal secrets at all when the "gods" behind the cloud possibly know us better than our friends and family? The book uses a wealth of case studies (e.g. cry...
Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights
The scope of Artificial Intelligence's (AI) hold on modern life is only just beginning to be fully understood. Academics, professionals, policymakers, and legislators are analysing the effects of AI in the legal realm, notably in human rights work. Artificial Intelligence technologies and modern human rights have lived parallel lives for the last sixty years, and they continue to evolve with one another as both fields take shape. Human Rights and Artificial Intelligence explores the effects of AI on both the concept of human rights and on specific topics, including civil and political rights, privacy, non-discrimination, fair procedure, and asylum. Second- and third-generation human rights are also addressed. By mapping this relationship, the book clarifies the benefits and risks for human rights as new AI applications are designed and deployed. Its granular perspective makes Human Rights and Artificial Intelligence a seminal text on the legal ramifications of machine learning. This expansive volume will be useful to academics and professionals navigating the complex relationship between AI and human rights.
Human Rights and Judicial Review: A Comparative Perspective
Human Rights and Judicial Review: A Comparative Perspective collects, in one volume, a basic description of the most important principles and methods of analysis followed by the major Courts enforcing constitutional Bills of Rights around the world. The Courts include the Supreme Courts of Japan, India, Canada and the United States, the Constitutional Courts of Germany and Italy and the European Court of Human Rights. Each chapter is devoted to an analysis of the substantive jurisprudence developed by these Courts to determine whether a challenged law is constitutional or not, and is written by members of these Courts who have had a prior academic career. The book highlights the similarities and differences in the analytical methods used by these courts in determining whether or not someone's constitutional rights have been violated. Students and scholars of constitutional law and human rights, judges and advocates engaged in constitutional litigation will find the book a unique and valuable resource.
Local Self-government, Territorial Integrity, and Protection of Minorities
Herzegovina: by Mr Joseph MARKO
A Design Space for Pervasive Advertising on Public Displays
Today, people living in cities see up to 5000 ads per day, many on public displays. More and more of these public displays are networked and equipped with sensors, making them part of a global infrastructure that is currently emerging. Such displays provide the opportunity to create a benefit for society in the form of immersive experiences and relevant content. In this way, they can overcome the display blindness that evolved over the years. Two main reasons prevent this vision from coming true: first, public displays are stuck with traditional advertising as the driving business model. Second, no common ground exists for researchers or advertisers that outline important challenges. The main contribution of this thesis is presenting a design space for advertising on public displays that identifies important challenges - mainly from an HCI perspective. The results are envisioned to provide a basis for future research and for practitioners to shape future advertisements on public displays in a positive way.
Good Faith in International Arbitration
Although considered a somewhat ‘hazy’ concept (particularly in common law), good faith may nevertheless be defined as a duty incumbent on a person negotiating or performing an agreement. Thus, it may be understood as obligatory on all parties in the conduct of arbitral proceedings. In this collection of expert chapters, notable jurists and legal academics from around the world fully investigate the multifaceted notion of good faith in international arbitration. All the following aspects of the matter are covered: detailed analysis of good faith in both common law and civil law traditions as reflected in doctrine, scholarship, and case law; good faith implications in treaty interpretation...
Inference in Argumentation
This book investigates the role of inference in argumentation, considering how arguments support standpoints on the basis of different loci. The authors propose and illustrate a model for the analysis of the standpoint-argument connection, called Argumentum Model of Topics (AMT). A prominent feature of the AMT is that it distinguishes, within each and every single argumentation, between an inferential-procedural component, on which the reasoning process is based; and a material-contextual component, which anchors the argument in the interlocutors’ cultural and factual common ground. The AMT explains how these components differ and how they are intertwined within each single argument. This model is introduced in Part II of the book, following a careful reconstruction of the enormously rich tradition of studies on inference in argumentation, from the antiquity to contemporary authors, without neglecting medieval and post-medieval contributions. The AMT is a contemporary model grounded in a dialogue with such tradition, whose crucial aspects are illuminated in this book.
Privacy and the Role of International Law in the Digital Age
This book examines the role of international law in securing privacy and data protection in the digital age. Driven mainly by the transnational nature of privacy threats involving private actors as well as States, calls are increasingly made for an âinternationalâ privacy framework to meet these challenges. Mapped against a flurry of global privacy initiatives, the book provides the first comprehensive analysis of the extent to which and whether international law attends to the complexities of upholding digital privacy. The book starts by exploring boundaries of international privacy law in upholding privacy and data protection in the digital ecosystem where threats to privacy are increasi...
Legal Principles in WTO Disputes
Principles play a crucial role in any dispute settlement system, and the World Trade Organization (WTO) is no exception. However, WTO Panels and the Appellate Body have been too timid in using principles, sometimes avoiding their use when appropriate and at other times using them without fully acknowledging that they are doing so. Perhaps more worryingly, these bodies often fail to delve deeply enough into principles. They tend to overlook key questions such as the legal basis for using a given principle, whether the principle is being used in an interpretative manner or as applicable law and the meaning of the principle in public international law. This book establishes a framework for addressing these questions. The use of such a framework should allay fears and misconceptions about the use of principles and ensure that they are used in a justifiable manner, improving the quality of dispute settlement in the WTO.
Declarative Agent Languages and Technologies VI
This volume constitutes the revised selected papers of the 6th International Workshop, DALT 2008, held as satellite workshop of AAMAS 2008, the 7th International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, in Estoril, Portugal, on May 12, 2008. The 12 papers, presented together with 3 invited papers, were carefully reviewed and selected from 14 submissions. The workshop provided a discussion forum to both (i) support the transfer of declarative paradigms and techniques to the broader community of agent researchers and practitioners, and (ii) to bring the issue of designing complex agent systems to the attention of researchers working on declarative languages and technologies.
