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The aim of this monograph is to outline the physics of image formation, electron–specimen interactions, and image interpretation in transmission el- tron microscopy. Since the last edition, transmission electron microscopy has undergone a rapid evolution. The introduction of monochromators and - proved energy ?lters has allowed electron energy-loss spectra with an energy resolution down to about 0.1 eV to be obtained, and aberration correctors are now available that push the point-to-point resolution limit down below 0.1 nm. After the untimely death of Ludwig Reimer, Dr. Koelsch from Springer- Verlag asked me if I would be willing to prepare a new edition of the book. As it had served me a...
This text on contemporary optical systems is intended for optical researchers and engineers, graduate students and optical microscopists in the biological and biomedical sciences. In three sections, the book discusses high-aperture optical systems, nonlinear optical techniques, and various techniques that are finding new applications. The new second edition has been thoroughly revised and expanded to account for new advances in fluorescence imaging and diffractive optical lenses.
Digital holography is an emerging field of new paradigm in general imaging applications. The book presents an introduction to the theoretical and numerical principles and reviews the research and development activities in digital holography, with emphasis on the microscopy techniques and applications. Topics covered include the general theory of diffraction and holography formations, and practical instrumentation and experimentation of digital holography. Various numerical techniques are described that give rise to the unique and versatile capabilities of digital holography. Representative special techniques and applications of digital holography are discussed. The book is intended for researchers interested in developing new techniques and exploring new applications of digital holography.
This book presents new concepts for a next generation of PV. Among these concepts are: Multijunction solar cells, multiple excitation solar cells (or how to take benefit of high energy photons for the creation of more than one electron hole-pair), intermediate band solar cells (or how to take advantage of below band-gap energy photons) and related technologies (for quantum dots, nitrides, thin films), advanced light management approaches (plasmonics). Written by world-class experts in next generation photovoltaics this book is an essential reference guide accessible to both beginners and experts working with solar cell technology. The book deeply analyzes the current state-of-the-art of the new photovoltaic approaches and outlines the implementation paths of these advanced devices. Topics addressed range from the fundamentals to the description of state-of-the-art of the new types of solar cells.
Recent rapid advances in femtosecond technology have had a great impact on their industrial applications such as: ultrafast optoelectronic devices and optical telecommunication systems, ultrashort-pulse lasers and measurement systems, and the development of novel materials for ultrafast functions. In this book, a wealth of knowledge covering requirements in applications details of recent achievements in important technical areas is presented by world-prominent authors in a concise, systematic form. As a whole, this is the first comprehensive book on the emerging field of femtosecond technology.
Optoelectronic devices are currently being developed at an extraordinary rate. Organic light-emitting diodes, photovoltaic devices and electro-optical modulators are pivotal to the future of displays, photosensors and solar cells, and communication technologies. This book details the theories underlying the mechanisms involved in the relevant organic materials and covers, at a basic level, how the organic components are made. The first part of the book introduces the fundamental theories used to describe ordered solids and goes onto detail on concepts applicable to localised energy levels. Then the methods used to determine energy levels particular to perfectly ordered molecular and macromol...
Microoptics is still an emerging field with a huge potential for a large number of applications. This monograph brings together the most recent developments in order to give a broad overview.
A bird's-eye view of the developmental trends and problems of recent photovoltaics is presented. The worldwide effort to develop high-efficiency low-cost PV modules, making use of most efficient solar cells and clever low-cost solar concentrators is described.
This is the first book dedicated to wavelength filters for fibre optics. It provides a comprehensive account of the principles and applications of such filters, including their technological realizations. It explains the relevant performance parameters, the particular advantages and shortcomings of the various concepts and components, and the preferred applications. There is also in-depth information on the characteristics of commercially available devices.
The invention of lasers in the early 1960s enhanced the rapid development of optoelectronics which had introduced various optical measurement methods. A typical example of the methods is found in measurements of velocity. It is well recognized that optical velocity measuring methods have important advantages, such as noncontacting and nondisturbing operations, over c- ventional methods employed previously. These fundamental advantages are indicated by the enormous research e?ort which has gone into their devel- ment for many years. One of the optical methods proposed and studied to measure the velocity is laser Doppler velocimetry which was proposed in the early 1960s and extensively studied...