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The Design of a Canine Inhalation Exposure Apparatus Incorporating a Whole Body Plethysmograph
A whole body plethysmograph has been incorporated in an apparatus for exposing dogs individually to radioactive aerosols. This makes it possible to monitor the dog's respiratory pattern during the exposure without the use of any respiratory masks or valves. After three different transducer systems were evaluated for use with the plethysmograph, the flow rate transducer was chosen for several reasons including the fact that this system produces inspiratory and expiratory flow rate data as well as tidal volume and respiratory rate information. The aerosol is continuously produced and drawn past the dog's nose during the exposure period and provision has been made for quantification of the aerosol in terms of concentration and particle size distribution for each experiment. External contamination of the dog is minimal since only the nostril area is uncovered within the aerosol exposure chamber. Pertinent design and calibration features are discussed.
Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation
This book reevaluates the health risks of ionizing radiation in light of data that have become available since the 1980 report on this subject was published. The data include new, much more reliable dose estimates for the A-bomb survivors, the results of an additional 14 years of follow-up of the survivors for cancer mortality, recent results of follow-up studies of persons irradiated for medical purposes, and results of relevant experiments with laboratory animals and cultured cells. It analyzes the data in terms of risk estimates for specific organs in relation to dose and time after exposure, and compares radiation effects between Japanese and Western populations.
Review of the Hanford Thyroid Disease Study Draft Final Report
In 1986, officials of the US Department of Energy revealed that the Hanford Atomic Products Operations in Richland, Washington, had been releasing radioactive material, in particular iodine-131, into the environment over a period of years. This information, which confirmed the suspicions of some people in the Pacific Northwest about what they called the Hanford Reservation or just Hanford, created quite a stir. Both the US Congress and citizens of the Northwest became keenly interested in knowing whether these radiation releases had caused human health effects. They were particularly concerned about whether Hanford releases of iodine-131 had led to an increase in thyroid disease among the po...
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