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This book presents the meaning of green infrastructure and its concerns to the contribution of materials and applications. It explores the evolving contested material under “green infrastructure” covering timber, concrete, soil, and pavement. It discusses the resistance to the ambiguity of managing the construction of green infrastructure and drawing on wider debates around applications and processes on construction. These contributions are by no means definitive, but rather an attempt to provide a detached and holistic perspective on the engineering “green infrastructure” concept.
This is an open access book. The covid-19 pandemic today forces humans to do almost all activities from home. Consequently, inventions in many fields of engineering technology are needed to facilitate those activities. First, human activities mainly are based on information technology today and internet connection is very important. People generate, send, and receive data by their smartphones every time and everything is connected to the internet. Equipment becomes smarter to assist the owner. Second, People need powerful, efficient, and smart vehicles and machines in Industry 4.0. Third, the need for energy increases, which causes the decrease of global environmental quality. It needs new t...
In bridge applications, it is often necessary to minimize the depth of the bridge structure to provide for the required hydraulic opening or reduce the volume of approach fill. For bridges that utilize structural glued-laminated (glulam) timber beams as stringers, reinforcement using thin strips of pultruded E-glass-fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) composites may permit reduced depth, because the reinforcement has the potential to increase stiffness and strength. This study is part of an overall effort aimed at evaluating the potential for commercial production of glulam-GFRP beams in current wood laminating plants and a wood adhesive compatible with existing equipment. Twelve Yellow-Poplar g...
Kebanyakan majlis-majlis dalam pelaksanaannya hanya terfokus pada komponen isi atau materi pelajaran saja. Memang ada majlis atau studi club dalam proses pengembangan isi atau bahan materi dilakukan dengan prosedur dan proses penelitian, mudzakrah, kajian literatur klasik dan kontemporer, akan tetapi komponen tujuan, metode dan evaluasi juga sangat penting dirumuskan (dituliskan) karena antara tujuan, bahan materi, metode dan evaluasi adalah komponen dasar yang saling keterkatian. Oleh sebab itu, buku ini menawarkan 5 bidang pelajaran yang telah dikemas menjadi kurikulum yang sangat sistematis berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang panjang.
Natural fiber-reinforced composites have the potential to replace synthetic composites, leading to less expensive, stronger and more environmentally-friendly materials. This book provides a detailed review on how a broad range of biofibers can be used as reinforcements in composites and assesses their overall performance. The book is divided into five major parts according to the origins of the different biofibers. Part I contains chapters on bast fibers, Part II; leaf fibers, Part III; seed fibers, Part IV; grass, reed and cane fibers, and finally Part V covers wood, cellulosic and other fibers including cellulosic nanofibers. Each chapter reviews a specific type of biofiber providing detai...
Civil engineers will value this resource that examines the tools and techniques used to estimate the in-place strength on concrete, permeation properties that relate to potential durability, and the methods used to assess the internal condition of concrete and the corrosion activity of steel reinforcement.
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Natural Fibers, Plastics and Composites deals with plant and animal derived natural fibers, natural composite matrix materials and biocomposites, which are beginning to find their way into commercial applications in today's market. Some represent already commercial technologies or commercial developments and others represent significant recent research advances. The book reviews the sources, structures, properties and applications of the new materials. It serves as an introduction to a rapidly growing field of science and technology and it aims to support fundamental research, to assist scientists and designers in industry, and to facilitate materials science instruction in universities and colleges.