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Why isn't the whole world as rich as the United States? Conventional views holds that differences in the share of output invested by countries account for this disparity. Not so, say Stephen Parente and Edward Prescott. In Barriers to Riches, Parente and Prescott argue that differences in Total Factor Productivity (TFP) explain this phenomenon. These differences exist because some countries erect barriers to the efficient use of readily available technology. The purpose of these barriers is to protect industry insiders with vested interests in current production processes from outside competition. Were this protection stopped, rapid TFP growth would follow in the poor countries, and the whol...
Rapidly growing cognitive technologies (such as word processors, web browsers, cell phones, and personal data assistants) aid learning, memory, and problem solving, and contribute to every part of modern life from interviewing crime witnesses to learning a foreign language to calling one's mother. This collection of essays on cognitive technology examines the interaction between the human mind and the tools people create to enhance it, studying which technologies assist cognition the most and what features are most effective. It also considers the point at which the technological enhancement of human ability begins to restrict that very ability, such as the risk of some cognitive technologie...
The Annexins is focused on a specific family of calcium and membrane-binding proteins, annexins, ubiquitously spread within living organisms, including animals, plants and fungi. The volume covers important areas of annexinology. The characterization of structural-functional relationship within the annexin family of proteins, together with emerging transgenic animal models, provides an up-to-date overview of potential physiological roles of annexins. Growing evidence of participation of annexins in human diseases, called annexinopathies, related to disturbances in signal transduction, vesicular traffic, ion homeostasis and energy metabolism within the cell. The book will attract a broad scientific audience, not only scientists interested in annexins, but also others involved in multidisciplinary studies, as well as undergraduate and postgraduate students. It can be used in courses relating to special topics such as calcium homeostasis, calcium-binding proteins, membrane structure and transport properties, various signal transduction pathways, and membrane trafficking.
Following 50 years of glucocorticoid use in a clinical setting, an international body of expert scientists and physicians presents the most expansive survey of glucocorticoid pharmacology to date. This work traces the history of glucocorticoid biology from the seminal description of glucocorticoid insufficiency by Thomas Addison in the mid-19th century, up to current advances in elucidating the molecular basis of glucocorticoid action. Important discoveries are presented, as well as milestones in drug development, a survey of current clinical practice, and prospects for novel glucocorticoid-based therapeutics. Scientists and clinicians will appreciate the scope of this work, which is of special interest to workers in the fields of endocrinology, inflammation and autoimmune disease.
This book presents recent developments on the health and safety of fermented meat products. It discusses health aspects of select topics in fermented meat microbiology, veterinary public health, chemistry, technology, biotechnology, nutrition, toxicology, and quality assurance, and gives a broad insight into the product’s safety and health hazards. The book considers the safety of fermented meat products through a whole food chain approach. It focuses on requirements for strict hygienic and technological procedures to prevent potential risk during the production of ready-to-eat products. The book does not aim to serve as negative publicity for meat products. Just the opposite – it points out to the complexity of prevention and control of potential hazards/risks in the production which greatly contributes to a higher total value of fermented meat products. This reference book is a result of collaborative efforts of a number of distinguished authors with international reputation from renowned institutions and it is intended to both academic and professional audience.
Since the dawn of history, the sea has connected and divided human societies. In order to address this, increasingly ingenious and innovative technological solutions have been developed, and the sea has never been an insuperable barrier to mankind. This book presents the proceedings of ICNM 2019, the 3rd International Conference on Nautical and Maritime Culture, held in Naples, Italy, on 14 and 15 November 2019. The conference covers all conceptual and theoretical aspects relating to nautical and maritime culture, and topics covered by the 21 papers presented here include: the history of ships and navigation; maritime museums and libraries; naval architecture and the evolution of marine engineering; the conservation of nautical marine and maritime heritage; ship and nautical design; careers at sea; and the evolution of the waterfront and the coastal marine environment. The ICNM conference promotes dialogue between academics, professionals, and those involved in maritime research and development, and the book will be of interest to all those with an involvement in nautical and maritime culture.
This contributed volume presents the current state of research on regenerative rehabilitation across a broad range of neuro- and musculoskeletal tissues. At its core, the primary goal of regenerative rehabilitation is to restore function after damage to bones, skeletal muscles, cartilage, ligaments/tendons, or tissues of the central and peripheral nervous systems. The authors describe the physiology of these neuro- and musculoskeletal tissue types and their inherent plasticity. The latter quality is what enables these tissues to adapt to mechanical and/or chemical cues to improve functional capacity. As a result, readers will learn how regenerative rehabilitation exploits that quality, to trigger positive changes in tissue function. Combining basic, translational, and clinical aspects of the topic, the book offers a valuable resource for both scientists and clinicians in the regenerative rehabilitation field.
This book explores the potential of hydrogen combustion in thermal engines and serves as a foundation for future research. Hydrogen, a well-established energy carrier, has been used in internal combustion engines for centuries, but despite progress and industry interest, hydrogen engines have yet to reach mass production. In light of recent efforts to combat climate change with clean energy and environmentally-friendly technologies, the use of hydrogen in thermal engines is gaining momentum. This book examines the unique challenges of hydrogen combustion due to its wide flammability limits, high auto-ignition temperature, and high diffusivity. It reviews current knowledge on the fundamental and practical aspects of hydrogen combustion and considers current developments and potential future advancement.
Detailed review of advances understanding and optimising the physical, chemical and biological properties of substrates to optimise their use Strong focus on sustainability issues such as alternative, renewable sources for substrates Includes case studies on practical applications of advances in science and technology for key horticultural crops