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Precision farming is an agricultural management system using global navigation satellite systems, geographic information systems, remote sensing, and data management systems for optimizing the use of nutrients, water, seed, pesticides and energy in heterogeneous field situations. This book provides extensive information on the state-of-the-art of research on precision crop protection and recent developments in site-specific application technologies for the management of weeds, arthropod pests, pathogens and nematodes. It gives the reader an up-to-date and in-depth review of both basic and applied research developments. The chapters discuss I) biology and epidemiology of pests, II) new sensor technologies, III) applications of multi-scale sensor systems, IV) sensor detection of pests in growing crops, V) spatial and non-spatial data management, VI) impact of pest heterogeneity and VII) precise mechanical and chemical pest control.
The physical and mechanical properties of the wood species 'Norfolk-Island-pine' grown in Hawaii are presented. Evaluations of those properties show that the wood is moderately heavy, moderately strong in both bending and compressive strength, stiff, and moderately hard; its shrinkage is small. (Author)
Prepared by the Subcommittee on Evaluation, Maintenance, and Upgrading of Timber Structures of the Committee on Wood of the Structural Division of ASCE. This report presents information on technical aspects of inspection, evaluation, reinforcement, repair, and rehabilitation of timber structures. Any structure, regardless of the material from which it is made, may be subject to a review of its ability to perform a specific function or functions. This report reviews factors that influence the serviceability of wood structures, including loadings, duration of loads, temperature, moisture and weathering. Effects of chemicals and fire, as well as insects, fungi, and other organisms that attack wood are also covered. Designing to avoid problems caused by these factors is discussed. Inspection techniques and equipment are described, along with guidelines on where to look and what to look for. A section of evaluation of wood structures includes criteria such as structural analysis, determination of loads, and estimating load carrying capacity.