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Translational medicine was first mentioned in 1992 by Choi D. W and has since become a rapidly expanding area within biomedical research. It is based on the ‘bench to bedside’ approach, which describes it’s relationship between basic science and clinical practice. In 2008, Drs Conway and Dougherty provided a 3 step process to translational medicine and how it should be implemented to transform healthcare systems. The first step is the translation of basic science into clinical research (T1). The second step (T2) focuses on making healthcare more patient specific, basing itself on providing ‘the right treatment for the right patient in the right way at the right time’. T2 also looks...
Hepatic-biliary-pancreatic cancers, mainly including hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder cancer, are highly aggressive malignancies with few treatment options and poor prognoses. Effects of the traditional systemic treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, are quite limited to hepatic-biliary-pancreatic cancers. For the patients who suffer from hepatic-biliary-pancreatic cancer and lose the opportunity of radical surgery, few targeted drugs are available. Even for the drugs in clinical trial, potential drug targets and prognostic biomarkers for hepatic-biliary-pancreatic cancer are less studied compared to other common cancers such as lung cancer. Prognostic biomarker study is the initiation to explore new drug targets and revelation of the underlying mechanisms of tumor progression.
Cancer immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, has revolutionized the paradigm in cancer treatment. However, the clinical outcome of immunotherapy varies considerably among patients and only a minority of patients achieve long-term clinical benefits. This is largely attributed to the fact that existing cancer immunotherapies, which concentrate on several classical targets (CTAL-4, PD-1/PD-L1, etc.) and limited types of immune cell populations (T cells), are insufficient to cope with the complexity of highly heterogeneous tumor microenvironment (TME). This calls for more efforts to not only expand our toolbox for manip...
Motherhood is a season. The challenges of motherhood would not last a lifetime. Yet, the failure to identify the significance of the season, and to escape from it may bring about long-term consequences for the rest of her life. The author with more than 20 years of counselling experience wishes to journey with mothers, and helping them to identify the different seasons of their lives so that they are able to identify personal growth opportunities, find fulfillment, and their values as woman. The issues that are discussed in the book include: Self-Image Rebellious children Uncooperative husband Dealing with hurts In-laws relationship
“Essential reading for anyone interested in contemporary life in China, and highly recommended for memoir enthusiasts in general.” -- Library Journal (starred review) "Chongda paints a tantalizing portrait of a changing China in his dazzling English-language debut. [Vessel] shines with the bright talent of an excellent storyteller." -- Publishers Weekly An unprecedented and heartfelt memoir that illuminates the lives of rural Chinese workers, offering a portrait of generational strife, family, love, and loss that crosses cultures and time. Cai Chongda spent his childhood in a rural fishing village in Fujian province. When his father—a former communist gang leader turned gas station own...
The official history of the Later Han dynasty (AD 25-220) contains eight so-called Treatises, traditionally regarded as accurate descriptions of the dynasty's institutions. Practically all literature dealing with the bureaucratic system, the geography, the religious beliefs or the calendar of the first two centuries AD is based on these Treatises, even though their value as source material has never been critically examined. This study subjects each of the Treatises in turn to a detailed scrutiny. The sources used by the Chinese historian and their adaption to suit his historiographical tastes, the opinions of previous critics and the weight of the available evidence all pass review in order to arrive at a balanced view of the historiographical value of each individual Treatise.
Three experts present their perspectives on the Security Council's role in maintaining peace in a changing international order.