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Emotional Modulation of the Synapse
Highly emotional events tend to be well remembered. The adaptive value in this is clear – those events that have a bearing on survival should be stored for future use as long-term memories whereas memories of inconsequential events would not as likely contribute to future survival. Enduring changes in the structure and function of synapses, neural circuitry, and ultimately behavior, can be modulated by highly aversive or rewarding experiences. In the last decade, the convergence of cellular, molecular, and systems neuroscience has produced new insights into the biological mechanisms that determine whether a memory will be stored for the long-term or lost forever. This Research Topic brings together leading experts, who work at multiple levels of analysis, to reveal recent discoveries and concepts regarding the synaptic mechanisms of consolidation and extinction of emotionally arousing memories.
Memory and motivational/emotional processes
It is well established that memory for emotional information is generally better than for neutral information. This Research Topic comprises a set of papers focusing on memory and its relation with motivational and emotional processes, ranging from electroencephalographic evidences of emotional modulation of memory systems, to the role of neurotransmitters/neuromodulators (i.e. endocannabinoid, glucocorticoid, serotonin, noradrenergic, dopaminergic systems), and second messengers on emotional memory, and the specific involvement of cerebral areas on the relation between memory and motivational/emotional processes (i.e. prefrontal cortex, amygdala, accumbens). In particular, some of the topic...
Neural circuits underlying emotion and motivation: Insights from optogenetics and pharmacogenetics
Application of optogenetic and pharmacogenetic tools to study the neural circuits underlying emotional valence, feeding, arousal and motivated behaviors has provided crucial insights into brain function. Expression of light sensitive proteins into specific neurons and subsequent stimulation by light (optogenetics) to control neuronal activity or expression of designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD) in specific neuronal populations with subsequent activation or suppression of neuronal activity by an otherwise inert ligand (pharmacogenetics) provides control over defined elements of neural circuits. These novel tools have provided a more in depth understanding into ...
Neuropharmacological, Neurobiological and Behavioral Mechanisms of Learning and Memory
Among the more dynamic topics in science are Neuropharmacological, Neurobiological and Behavioral Mechanisms of Learning and Memory. In this eBook the reader will find fresh reviews and research papers illustrating diverse approaches, which will be seminal in the future.
The Amygdala in Brain Function
The amygdala is a brain area that has become an important topic in neuroscience. The papers in this volume provide information on the basic characteristics of amygdala function from neuroanatomical, electrophysiological, behavioural, and imaging studies in animals and humans.
Sexual Harassment in the Workplace: Law & Practice, 5th Edition
Sexual Harassment in the Workplace: Law and Practice
The Amygdala
The amygdala is a central component of the limbic system, which is known to play a critical role in emotional processing of learning and memory. Over these last 20 years, major advances in techniques for examining brain activity greatly helped the scientific community to determine the nature of the contribution of the amygdala to these fundamental aspects of cognition. Combined with new conceptual breakthroughs, research data obtained in animals and humans have also provided major insights into our understanding of the processes by which amygdala dysfunction contributes to various brain disorders, such as autism or Alzheimer's disease. Although the primary goal of this book is to inform experts and newcomers of some of the latest data in the field of brain structures involved in the mechanisms underlying emotional learning and memory, we hope it will also help stimulate discussion on the functional role of the amygdala and connected brain structures in these mechanisms.
Extreme Fear
Ever since the phrase "fight or flight" was coined in the 1920s, the common understanding has been that the mind respond to danger in one of two ways - either fleeing in blind panic, or fighting through it. But as scientists unlock the secrets of the human brain, a more complex understanding of the fear response has emerged. It turns out that the ancient brain circuitry wired to process fear is also intricately tied to our ability to master new skills, and that the icy sensation of terror can actually enhance both our physical and our mental performance. Veteran science journalist Jeff Wise, who writes the "I'll Try Anything" column for Popular Mechanics, journeys into the heart of the prima...
Eyeblink Conditioning in Psychiatric Conditions - State of the Field and Future Directions
Eyeblink classical conditioning (EBC) is a model paradigm for associative (also termed Pavlovian) learning, one of the simplest and best understood forms of learning and memory. Because EBC paradigms are readily adapted across species, the neural substrates of EBC have been well characterized, and include but are not limited to the cerebellum and anterior interpositus nucleus, the hippocampus, and prefrontal cortices. The ability to collect EBC data across many different species (i.e. including but not limited to humans) also has the distinct advantage of facilitating translational research, and therefore may be of particular benefit to elucidate mechanistic changes associated with a wide va...
PTSD
Post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD, has long been misunderstood, even by medical and psychological professionals. Formerly called shell-shock, it was considered a disorder that exclusively affected soldiers. Today, this myth persists, and many people are still unaware that any traumatic event can be the catalyst for PTSD. Understanding the facts about this disorder helps young adults learn the best way to interact with a loved one who has it or learn whether their own symptoms warrant seeking further help. Annotated quotes from medical experts, detailed graphs, and full-color photographs show readers this disorder from all sides.
