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Harnessing the Participation of Dendritic Cells in Immunity and Tolerance
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Advances in Human Immune System (HIS) Mouse Models for Studying Human Hematopoiesis and Cancer Immunotherapy
Topic Editor Prof. Aimin Xu receives financial support from Servier Laboratories. The other Topic Editors declare no competing interests with regards to the Research Topic theme.
T cell specificity and Cross-reactivity – Implications in Physiology and Pathology
Conventional CD8+ and CD4+ T cells recognize antigens, presented by antigen-presenting cells in the form of short peptides loaded onto major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II molecules, through their T cell receptor (TCR). Somatic gene rearrangement of the TCR locus and randomization of TCR hyper-variable regions generate the marked diversity of TCRs. Once assembled, the heterodimeric TCR confers specificity to naïve T cells. The naïve T cell repertoire of an individual is established by selection processes in the thymus and cannot be broadened upon antigen recognition by additional somatic mutations. In humans, the estimated number of distinct TCRs in the naïve T cell...
Pattern Recognition Receptors and Cancer
The group of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) includes families of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), and AIM-2-like receptors (ALRs). Conceptually, receptors constituting these families are united by two general features. Firstly, they directly recognize common antigen determinants of virtually all classes of pathogens (so-called pathogen-associated molecular patterns, or simply PAMPs) and initiate immune response against them via specific intracellular signaling pathways. Secondly, they recognize endogenous ligands (since they are usually released during cell stress, they are called damage-associated molec...
The Reform Advocate
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Autophagy in Infection and Immunity
Autophagy is a fundamental biological process that enables cells to autodigest their own cytosol during starvation and other forms of stress. It has a growing spectrum of acknowledged roles in immunity, aging, development, neurodegeneration, and cancer biology. An immunological role of autophagy was first recognized with the discovery of autophagy’s ability to sanitize the cellular interior by killing intracellular microbes. Since then, the repertoire of autophagy’s roles in immunity has been vastly expanded to include a diverse but interconnected portfolio of regulatory and effector functions. Autophagy is an effector of Th1/Th2 polarization; it fuels MHC II presentation of cytosolic (s...
