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The Outer Planets and their Moons
Representatives of several scientific communities, such as planetary scientists, astronomers, space physicists, chemists and astrobiologists have met with the aim to review the knowledge on four major themes: (1) the study of the formation and evolution processes of the outer planets and their satellites, beginning with the formation of compounds and planetesimals in the solar nebula, and the subsequent evolution of the interiors of the outer planets, (2) a comparative study of the atmospheres of the outer planets and Titan, (3) the study of the planetary magnetospheres and their interactions with the solar wind, and (4) the formation and properties of satellites and rings, including their interiors, surfaces, and their interaction with the solar wind and the magnetospheres of the outer planets. Beyond these topics, the implications for the prebiotic chemical evolution on Europa and Titan are reviewed. At the time of publication, the study of the outer planets is particularly motivated by the fact that the Saturn system is being investigated by the Cassini-Huygens mission.
Law and Regulation of Commercial Mining of Minerals in Outer Space
This monograph addresses the legal and policy issues relating to the commercial exploitation of natural resources in outer space. It begins by establishing the economic necessity and technical feasibility of space mining today, an estimate of the financial commitments required, followed by a risk analysis of a commercial mining venture in space, identifying the economic and legal risks. This leads to the recognition that the legal risks must be minimised to enable such projects to be financed. This is followed by a discussion of the principles of international space law, particularly dealing with state responsibility and international liability, as well as some of the issues arising from space mining activities. Much detail is devoted to the analysis of the content of the common heritage of mankind doctrine. The monograph then attempts to balance such interests in creating a legal and policy compromise to create a new regulatory regime.
Deformation Processes in Minerals, Ceramics and Rocks
This monograph has its origins in a two-day meeting with the same title held in London, England in the spring of 1987. The idea for the meeting came from members of the UK Mineral and Rock Physics Group. It was held under the auspices of, and made possible by the generous support of, the Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Additional financial assistance was provided by ECC International pIc and the Cookson Group pIc. The aims of the London meeting were to survey the current state of knowledge about deformation processes in non-metallic materials and to bring together both experts and less experienced Earth scientists and ceramicists who normally had little contact but shared common interests in deformation mechanisms. This monograph has similar aims and, indeed, most of its authors were keynote speakers at the meeting. Consequently, most of the contributions contain a review element in addition to the presentation and discussion of new results. In adopting this format, the editors hope that the monograph will provide a valuable state-of-the-art sourcebook, both to active researchers and also to graduate students just starting in the relevant fields.
The Nature of Life and Its Potential to Survive
This book looks at the persistence of life and how difficult it would be to annihilate life, especially a species as successful as humanity. The idea that life in general is fragile is challenged by the hardiness of microbes, which shows that astrobiology on exoplanets and other satellites must be robust and plentiful. Microbes have adapted to virtually every niche on the planet, from the deep, hot biosphere, to the frigid heights of the upper troposphere. Life, it seems, is almost indestructible. The chapters in this work examine the various scenarios that might lead to the extermination of life, and why they will almost always fail. Life's highly adaptive nature ensures that it will cling on no matter how difficult the circumstances. Scientists are increasingly probing and questioning life's true limits in, on and above the Earth, and how these limits could be pushed elsewhere in the universe. This investigation puts life in its true astronomical context, with the reader taken on a journey to illustrate life's potential and perseverance.
New Trends and Results in Mathematical Description of Fluid Flows
The book presents recent results and new trends in the theory of fluid mechanics. Each of the four chapters focuses on a different problem in fluid flow accompanied by an overview of available older results. The chapters are extended lecture notes from the ESSAM school "Mathematical Aspects of Fluid Flows" held in Kácov (Czech Republic) in May/June 2017. The lectures were presented by Dominic Breit (Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh), Yann Brenier (École Polytechnique, Palaiseau), Pierre-Emmanuel Jabin (University of Maryland) and Christian Rohde (Universität Stuttgart), and cover various aspects of mathematical fluid mechanics – from Euler equations, compressible Navier-Stokes equations and stochastic equations in fluid mechanics to equations describing two-phase flow; from the modeling and mathematical analysis of equations to numerical methods. Although the chapters feature relatively recent results, they are presented in a form accessible to PhD students in the field of mathematical fluid mechanics.
Principles of Continuum Mechanics
This book addresses the basic concepts of continuum mechanics, that is, the classical field theory of deformable bodies. The theory is systematically developed, from the kinematics to the balance equations, the material theory, and the entropy principles. In turn, the linear-elastic solids, the ideal liquid and the Newtonian liquid are presented in detail as concrete applications. The book concludes by covering the theory of small motions in a medium with a finite prestress. In general, the emphasis is on presenting the content in a clear and straightforward way that requires only an elementary grasp of calculus, linear algebra, and Newtonian mechanics. The book is intended for students of physics, mechanics, engineering and the geosciences, as well as applied mathematics, with a year or more of college calculus behind them.
Anisotropic hp-Mesh Adaptation Methods
Mesh adaptation methods can have a profound impact on the numerical solution of partial differential equations. If devised and implemented properly, adaptation significantly reduces the size of the algebraic systems resulting from the discretization, while ensuring that applicable error tolerances are met. In this monograph, drawing from many years of experience, the authors give a comprehensive presentation of metric-based anisotropic hp-mesh adaptation methods. A large part of this monograph is devoted to the derivation of computable interpolation error estimates on simplicial meshes, which take into account the geometry of mesh elements as well as the anisotropic features of the interpola...
Titan
Titan, the largest of Saturn's moons, shares remarkable similarities with Earth. Its thick atmosphere is composed primarily of nitrogen; it features the most complex organic chemistry known outside of Earth and, uniquely, hosts an analog to Earth's hydrological cycle, with methane forming clouds, rain and seas. Using the latest data from the ongoing Cassini–Huygens missions, laboratory measurements and numerical simulations, this comprehensive reference examines the physical processes that shape Titan's fascinating atmospheric structure and chemistry, weather, climate, circulation and surface geology. The text also surveys leading theories about Titan's origin and evolution, and assesses their implications for understanding the formation of other complex planetary bodies. Written by an international team of specialists, chapters offer detailed, comparative treatments of Titan's known properties and discuss the latest frontiers in the Cassini–Huygens mission, offering students and researchers of planetary science, geology, astronomy and space physics an insightful reference and guide.
Exploring Science Through Science Fiction
How does Einstein’s description of space and time compare with Doctor Who? Can James Bond really escape from an armor-plated railroad car by cutting through the floor with a laser concealed in a wristwatch? What would it take to create a fully intelligent android, such as Star Trek’s Commander Data? Exploring Science Through Science Fiction addresses these and other intriguing questions, using science fiction as a springboard for discussing fundamental science concepts and cutting-edge science research. It includes references to original research papers, landmark scientific publications and technical documents, as well as a broad range of science literature at a more popular level. The r...
Lectures in Astrobiology
This is the first of a divided two-part softcover edition of the "Lectures in Astrobiology Volume I" containing the sections "General Introduction", "The Early Earth and Other Cosmic Habitats for Life" and "Appendices" including an extensive glossary on Astrobiology. "Lectures in Astrobiology" is the first comprehensive textbook at graduate level encompassing all aspects of the emerging field of astrobiology. Volume I of the Lectures in Astrobiology gathers a first set of extensive lectures that cover a broad range of topics, from the formation of solar systems to the quest for the most primitive life forms that emerged on the Early Earth.
