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Scientists strive to develop clear rules for naming and grouping living organisms. But taxonomy, the scientific study of biological classification and evolution, is often highly debated. Members of a species, the fundamental unit of taxonomy and evolution, share a common evolutionary history and a common evolutionary path to the future. Yet, it can be difficult to determine whether the evolutionary history or future of a population is sufficiently distinct to designate it as a unique species. A species is not a fixed entity â€" the relationship among the members of the same species is only a snapshot of a moment in time. Different populations of the same species can be in different stages...
"Scientists strive to develop clear rules for naming and grouping living organisms. But taxonomy, the scientific study of biological classification and evolution, is often highly debated. Members of a species, the fundamental unit of taxonomy and evolution, share a common evolutionary history and a common evolutionary path to the future. Yet, it can be difficult to determine whether the evolutionary history or future of a population is sufficiently distinct to designate it as a unique species. A species is not a fixed entity – the relationship among the members of the same species is only a snapshot of a moment in time. Different populations of the same species can be in different stages i...
Comparison of 213 skulls of Canis rufus with 214 C. lupus and 335 C. latrans indicate that the red wolf is a distinct species. Before human disruption of the environment, rufus, lups, and latrans maintained their distinct status, and available specimens show no evidence that the red wolf intergraded with either coyote or gray wolf. A series of 71 skulls shows a complete variation from typical rufus to typical latrans. Apparently modification and decline of the red wolf population led to the breakdown of isolation and the formation of a hybrid swarm that suggests possible interbreeding with the coyote. Specimens indicate that as red wolves were extirpated in eastern Texas and elsewhere, a hybrid swarm moved eastward to occupy the niche that was created. By 1969, the swarm spread throughout most of eastern Texas and moved into Louisiana. Pure red wolves continued to survive only in a limited area along the Gulf Coast from Brazoria Counties, Texas, and in Cameron Parish.
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Healthcare decision makers in search of reliable information that compares health interventions increasingly turn to systematic reviews for the best summary of the evidence. Systematic reviews identify, select, assess, and synthesize the findings of similar but separate studies, and can help clarify what is known and not known about the potential benefits and harms of drugs, devices, and other healthcare services. Systematic reviews can be helpful for clinicians who want to integrate research findings into their daily practices, for patients to make well-informed choices about their own care, for professional medical societies and other organizations that develop clinical practice guidelines...
IUCN's Protected Areas Management Categories, which classify protected areas according to their management objectives, are today accepted as the benchmark for defining, recording, and classifying protected areas. They are recognized by international bodies such as the United Nations as well as many national governments. As a result, they are increasingly being incorporated into government legislation. These guidelines provide as much clarity as possible regarding the meaning and application of the Categories. They describe the definition of the Categories and discuss application in particular biomes and management approaches.