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Technologies collectively called omics enable simultaneous measurement of an enormous number of biomolecules; for example, genomics investigates thousands of DNA sequences, and proteomics examines large numbers of proteins. Scientists are using these technologies to develop innovative tests to detect disease and to predict a patient's likelihood of responding to specific drugs. Following a recent case involving premature use of omics-based tests in cancer clinical trials at Duke University, the NCI requested that the IOM establish a committee to recommend ways to strengthen omics-based test development and evaluation. This report identifies best practices to enhance development, evaluation, and translation of omics-based tests while simultaneously reinforcing steps to ensure that these tests are appropriately assessed for scientific validity before they are used to guide patient treatment in clinical trials.
Neurodegenerative diseases share the common property of neuronal loss in the higher-order association and limbic cortices or the extrapyramidal and pyramidal motor systems. In addition, oligodendroglia, astrocytes, and microglia have been implicated in fundamental abnormalities of virtually every neurodegenerative disorder. The particular system affected, more importantly the distribution of the pathology, determines the clinical presentation. While the most common dementia and movement disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Lewy body disease, and frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 pathology, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, have been extensively studied, many less comm...
Digital technologies and networks are now part of everyday work in the sciences, and have enhanced access to and use of scientific data, information, and literature significantly. They offer the promise of accelerating the discovery and communication of knowledge, both within the scientific community and in the broader society, as scientific data and information are made openly available online. The focus of this project was on computer-mediated or computational scientific knowledge discovery, taken broadly as any research processes enabled by digital computing technologies. Such technologies may include data mining, information retrieval and extraction, artificial intelligence, distributed ...
Biomarkers in Environmental and Human Health Biomonitoring: An Integrated Perspective provides a holistic view of the biomonitoring of environmental degradation, accumulated toxicity, and associated human health concerns. The book incorporates theoretical and practical aspects of the biomonitoring of environmental pollution and the health surveillance of ecological communities using samples from living organisms which are analyzed for contaminants and toxin levels. In the first half, the book provides a general overview if the different types of biomarkers, their significance as bioindicators for contaminants and detection of toxicity, as well as how they can be utilized in the restoration o...
Precision Medicine for Investigators, Practitioners and Providers addresses the needs of investigators by covering the topic as an umbrella concept, from new drug trials to wearable diagnostic devices, and from pediatrics to psychiatry in a manner that is up-to-date and authoritative. Sections include broad coverage of concerning disease groups and ancillary information about techniques, resources and consequences. Moreover, each chapter follows a structured blueprint, so that multiple, essential items are not overlooked. Instead of simply concentrating on a limited number of extensive and pedantic coverages, scholarly diagrams are also included. - Provides a three-pronged approach to precision medicine that is focused on investigators, practitioners and healthcare providers - Covers disease groups and ancillary information about techniques, resources and consequences - Follows a structured blueprint, ensuring essential chapters items are not overlooked
This book covers a wide range of topics on the role of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Big Data for healthcare applications and deals with the ethical issues and concerns associated with it. This book explores the applications in different areas of healthcare and highlights the current research. "Big Data and Artificial Intelligence for Healthcare Applications" covers healthcare big data analytics, mobile health and personalized medicine, clinical trial data management and presents how Artificial Intelligence can be used for early disease diagnosis prediction and prognosis. It also offers some case studies that describes the application of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in healthcare. Researchers, healthcare professionals, data scientists, systems engineers, students, programmers, clinicians, and policymakers will find this book of interest.
Now completely updated with the latest classifications of breast pathology and molecular diagnosis, David J. Dabbs' Breast Pathology, 2nd Edition, remains your go-to source for integrated, comprehensive coverage of this fast-changing field. Written by internationally acclaimed pathologists, this definitive reference incorporates genomic and molecular information, clinical presentation, gross and microscopic pathologic findings, radiologic and laboratory diagnosis, immunohistochemistry, and theranostics – providing complete, authoritative information for pathology trainees, practitioners, and oncologists. - Approximately 2,000 full-color pathological images clearly depict clinical, radiolog...