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Impact Cratering
This major study of crater morphology examines the physics of impact cratering, the geologic processes associated with it, and its role in planetary evolution. Melosh outlines landmark events in the history of impact cratering and places modern developments in historical perspective. Since important impact structures exist on our planet as well as on bodies in the solar system, this valuable contribution will serve as a vital reference in the diverse fields of geology, paleontology and planetary science.
Impact Cratering
Impact cratering is arguably the most ubiquitous geological process in the Solar System. It has played an important role in Earth’s history, shaping the geological landscape, affecting the evolution of life, and generating economic resources. However, it was only in the latter half of the 20th century that the importance of impact cratering as a geological process was recognized and only during the past couple of decades that the study of meteorite impact structures has moved into the mainstream. This book seeks to fill a critical gap in the literature by providing an overview text covering broad aspects of the impact cratering process and aimed at graduate students, professionals and researchers alike. It introduces readers to the threat and nature of impactors, the impact cratering process, the products, and the effects – both destructive and beneficial. A series of chapters on the various techniques used to study impact craters provide a foundation for anyone studying impact craters for the first time.
Cratering in Marine Environments and on Ice
Despite their global importance, little is known about the few existing examples of impacts into marine environments and icy targets. They are among the least understood and studied parts of impact crater geology. The icy impacts are also of great importance in understanding the developments of the outer planets and their satellites such as Mars or Europa. Furthermore, the impact mechanisms, crater formation and collapse, melt production and the ejecta distribution are scarcely known for impact on targets other than the "classical" solid silicates of the continental crust. The reaction of water and ice to impacts clearly deserves a more thorough study. The understanding of impact effects and...
Impact Cratering
This major study of crater morphology examines the physics of impact cratering, the geologic processes associated with it, and its role in planetary evolution. Melosh outlines landmark events in the history of impact cratering and places modern developments in historical perspective. Since important impact structures exist on our planet as well as on bodies in the solar system, this valuable contribution will serve as a vital reference in the diverse fields of geology, paleontology and planetary science.
Impact and Explosion Cratering
Aspects of cratering phenomenology are considered along with material properties and shock effects, theoretical cratering mechanics, ejecta, and problems of scaling. Attention is given to the application of high explosion cratering data to planetary problems, cratering mechanisms observed in laboratory-scale high-explosive experiments, nuclear cratering experiments, complex craters in alluvium, terrestrial impact structures, the Ries impact crater, buried impact craters in the Williston basin and the adjacent area, crater morphometry from bistatic radar, a Fourier analysis of planimetric lunar crater shape, a stratigraphic model for Bessel Crater and southern Mare Serenitatis, a nested-crater model of lunar ringed basins, Martian fresh crater morphology and morphometry, the distribution and emplacement of ejecta around Martian impact craters, the nature of the present interplanetary crater-forming projectiles, cratering mechanics and future Martian exploration, the response of rocks to large stresses, the dynamical implications of the petrology and distribution of impact melt rocks, and a review and comparison of hypervelocity impact and explosion cratering calculations.
Physics of Soft Impact and Cratering
This book focuses on the impact dynamics and cratering of soft matter to describe its importance, difficulty, and wide applicability to planetary-related problems. A comprehensive introduction to the dimensional analysis and constitutive laws that are necessary to discuss impact mechanics and cratering is first provided. Then, particular coverage is given to the impact of granular matter, which is one of the most crucial constituents for geophysics. While granular matter shows both solid-like and fluid-like behaviors, neither solid nor fluid dynamics is sufficient to fully understand the physics of granular matter. In order to reveal its fundamental properties, extensive impact tests have be...
