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Open Hydrology
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Modeling and Practice of Erosion and Sediment Transport under Change
Climate and anthropogenic changes impact the conditions of erosion and sediment transport in rivers. Rainfall variability and, in many places, the increase of rainfall intensity have a direct impact on rainfall erosivity. Increasing changes in demography have led to the acceleration of land cover changes in natural areas, as well as in cultivated areas, and, sometimes, in degraded areas and desertified landscapes. These anthropogenized landscapes are more sensitive to erosion. On the other hand, the increase in the number of dams in watersheds traps a great portion of sediment fluxes, which do not reach the sea in the same amount, nor at the same quality, with consequences on coastal geomorp...
On the Geology of Syria
This book serves to contribute to a further understanding of our globe, and offers a number of insights into the field of geology through its use of various examples. As it shows, the Syrian outcrops present a highly diverse field for geologists, with their sedimentary and volcano-magmatic rocks and their fluid inclusions. Syria is located at the meeting point of Eurasian, African, and Arabic plates, and, consequently, it is underlain by an active global structure, the Dead Sea Fault Zone (DSFZ), also known as the Levant fault, making this area of even further interest for the geologist.
Advancements in Intelligent Process Automation
In the current fast-paced business environment, organizations face the challenge of improving operational efficiency and driving innovation while dealing with complex technological landscapes. Many organizations require assistance exploiting intelligent process automation's full potential (IPA). This is often due to a need for more comprehensive understanding or clear implementation strategies. As a result, they need to help their workflows, optimize resources, and adapt effectively to changing market demands. Advancements in Intelligent Process Automation bridges this gap by providing a holistic view of IPA, encompassing RPA, AI, and ML, among other key technologies. Through real-world case studies, strategic guidelines, and interdisciplinary perspectives, the book offers actionable insights that are not just theoretical, but practical and implementable. This ensures that organizations seeking to implement IPA can do so seamlessly, without feeling overwhelmed or unsure. Addressing ethical and regulatory considerations ensures responsible AI practices and compliance, fostering a sustainable approach to automation.
Making Green Cities
This book shows what role nature can play in a city and how this can make it a better place for people to live. People, planners, designers and politicians are working towards the development of green cities. Some cities are already promoted as green cities, while others are on their way to become one. But their goals are often unclear and can include different facets. Presenting contributions from world leading researchers in the field of urban ecology, the editors provide an interdisciplinary overview of best practices and challenges in creating green cities. They show examples of how to build up these cities from bits and pieces to districts and urban extensions. Each example concludes wi...
Evaluating the flow regulating effects of ecosystems in the Mekong and Volta river basins
By altering evapotranspiration and influencing how water is routed and stored in a basin, natural and agrarian ecosystems affect river flow. To quantify the impact of ecosystems on streamflow in two large river basins in Asia and Africa, simple statistical relationships were calculated, enabling flow characteristics to be ascertained from basic catchment features. This approach allows the impact of specified land-use change on streamflow to be determined. For example, it shows that extending paddy areas in the Mekong River Basin reduces downstream low flows, while conversion of forests to crops increases the magnitude of downstream floods in the Volta River Basin. The approach could assist river basin planners to better account for flow-related ecosystem services.
Ethics and Responsible Research and Innovation in Practice
This Open Access book aims to present practical contributions to the ethics governance framework, the conceptualization and characteristics of ethics tools, as well as the experience gained from their application in different institutions. Its main objective is to provide a practical and useful guide that will help other institutions to start introducing Research Ethics effectively in their organizations. The European initiative ETHNA System has designed an ethics governance framework that can be implemented following specific guidelines and tools that can help different types of institutions to promote and generate responsible research and innovation. The papers included in this book were organized in topical sections as follows: foundations; experiences and lessons learned; ethics tools in practice; and looking into the future: main challenges.
Understanding Hydrological Variability for Improved Water Management in the Semi-Arid Karkheh Basin, Iran
This study provides a hydrology based assessment of (surface) water resources and its continuum of variability and change at different spatio-temporal scales in the semi-arid Karkheh Basin, Iran, where water is scarce, competition among users is high and massive water resources development is under way. The study reveals that the ongoing allocation
Soils as a Key Component of the Critical Zone 5
One third of the world's soils have already been degraded. The burden on the land continues to grow under the combined pressures of demography, urbanization, artificialization and mining, and there are increased demands on agricultural land: changing dietary preferences, land speculation, as well as new demands for agroenergy, fiber, green chemistry, and more. Resulting issues such as soil crusting, water and wind erosion, soil salinization and soil acidity therefore constitute a major threat. The authors of this book present the main processes and factors of soil degradation, different ways to prevent it and methods of rehabilitation. The book also deals with the origin and processes of metallic and organic soil pollution as well as methods of phytoremediation and restoration. It is one of the few books to explore the issue of soil artificialization and urban soil management and to highlight how agricultural and urban waste can be used to amend and fertilize cultivated soils.
