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The document is a tutorial Monograph describing various aspects of time and frequency (T/F). Included are chapters relating to elemental concepts of precise time and frequency; basic principles of quartz oscillators and atomic frequency standards; historical review, recent progress, and current status of atomic frequency standards; promising areas for developing future primary frequency standards; relevance of frequency standards to other areas of metrology including a unified standard concept; statistics of T/F data analysis coupled with the theory and construction of the NBS atomic time scale; an overview of T/F dissemination techniques; and the standards of T/F in the USA. The Monograph addresses both the specialist in the field as well as those desiring basic information about time and frequency. The authors trace the development and scope of T/F technology, its improvement over periods of decades, its status today, and its possible use, applications, and development in days to come.
"Africa for the Africans" was the name given in Africa to the extraordinary black social protest movement led by Jamaican Marcus Mosiah Garvey (1887-1940). Volumes I-VII of the Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers chronicled the Garvey movement that flourished in the United States during the 1920s. Now, the long-awaited African volumes of this edition (Volumes VIII and IX and a forthcoming Volume X) demonstrate clearly the central role Africans played in the development of the Garvey phenomenon. The African volumes provide the first authoritative account of how Africans transformed Garveyism from an external stimulus into an African social movement. They also repr...
Most Americans remain oblivious of a new racial phenomenon that may radically alter the political landscape of the United States. In recent years, dramatic increases in racial intermarriage have given birth to a generation of mixed-race children whose interracially married parents refuse to allow them to be shoehorned into neat, pre-existing racial categories. The parents, through organizations they have founded or joined, have lobbied aggressively for the category "multiracial" to be added to official racial classifications at the state and federal levels, including the United States census. Since a nonracial society is one of the stated goals of the multiracialists, Spencer suggests that the undoing of racial classification will come not by initiating a new classification - which will only give Americans the impression that mixed-race people can be neatly classified - but by our increased recognition that there are millions of people who simply defy classification.
Imagining China: early nineteenth-century writings and musical productions -- Towards exclusion: American popular songs on Chinese immigration, 1850-1882 -- Chinese and Chinese immigrant performers on the American stage, 1830s-1920s -- The sounds of Chinese otherness and American popular music, 1880s-1920s -- From aversion to fascination: new lyrics and voices, 1880s-1920s -- The rise of Chinese and Chinese American vaudevillians, 1900s-1920s
The United States and Brazil were the largest slave-trading societies of the New World. The demographics of both countries reflect this shared past, but this is where comparisons end. The vast majority of the "Afro-Brazilian" population, unlike their U.S. counterparts, view themselves as neither black nor white but as mixed-race. Legacies of Race offers the first examination of Brazilian public opinion to understand racial identities, attitudes, and politics in this racially ambiguous context. Brazilians avoid rigid notions of racial group membership, and, in stark contrast to U.S. experience, attitudes about racial inequality, African-derived culture, and antiracism strategies are not deeply divided along racial lines. Bailey argues that only through dispensing with many U.S.-inspired racial assumptions can a general theory of racial attitudes become possible. Most importantly, he shows that a strict notion of racial identification in black and white cannot be assumed universal.
A widely influential book--revised to reveal racial privilege at work in the 21st century.
In November 1916, a young Afro-Brazilian musician named Donga registered sheet music for the song "Pelo telefone" ("On the Telephone") at the National Library in Rio de Janeiro. This apparently simple act—claiming ownership of a musical composition—set in motion a series of events that would shake Brazil's cultural landscape. Before the debut of "Pelo telephone," samba was a somewhat obscure term, but by the late 1920s, the wildly popular song had helped to make it synonymous with Brazilian national music. The success of "Pelo telephone" embroiled Donga in controversy. A group of musicians claimed that he had stolen their work, and a prominent journalist accused him of selling out his people in pursuit of profit and fame. Within this single episode are many of the concerns that animate Making Samba, including intellectual property claims, the Brazilian state, popular music, race, gender, national identity, and the history of Afro-Brazilians in Rio de Janeiro. By tracing the careers of Rio's pioneering black musicians from the late nineteenth century until the 1970s, Marc A. Hertzman revises the histories of samba and of Brazilian national culture.
Explores the concept of "race" The term "race," which originally denoted genealogical or class identity, has in the comparatively brief span of 300 years taken on an entirely new meaning. In the wake of the Enlightenment it came to be applied to social groups. This ideological transformation coupled with a dogmatic insistence that the groups so designated were natural, and not socially created, gave birth to the modern notion of "races" as genetically distinct entities. The results of this view were the encoding of "race" and "racial" hierarchies in law, literature, and culture. How "racial"categories facilitate social control The articles in the series demonstrate that the classification of...
The definitive collection of speeches and writings by the labor leader, civil rights activist and founder of The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters. In 1925, A. Philip Randolph became the first president of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, America’s first majority-Black labor union. It was a major achievement in a life dedicated to the causes of civil and workers’ rights. A leading voice in the struggle for social justice, his powerful words served as a bridge between African Americans and the labor movement. This volume documents Randolph's life and work through his own writings. It includes more than seventy published and unpublished pieces drawn from libraries, manuscript collections, and newspapers. The book is organized thematically around Randolph’s most significant activities: dismantling workplace inequality, expanding civil rights, confronting racial segregation, and building international coalitions. The editors provide a detailed biographical essay that helps to situate the speeches and writings collected in the book. In the absence of an autobiography, this volume offers the best available presentation of Randolph's ideas and arguments in his own words.
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