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Kesehatan masyarakat merupakan ilmu dan seni memelihara, melindungi dan meningkatkan kesehatan masyarakat melalui usaha – usaha masyarakat dalam penyediaan pelayanan kesehatan, pencegahan dan pemberantasan penyakit. Kesehatan masyarakat mencakup semua kegiatan, baik langsung maupun tidak langsung untuk mencegah penyakit (preventif), meningkatkan kesehatan (promotif), terapi (kuratif) maupun pemulihan (rehabilitatif). Menurut WHO (1947) adalah suatu keadaan yang sempurna baik secara fisik, mental dan sosial serta tidak hanya bebas dari penyakit atau kelemahan. Menurut UU 23 tahun 1992 tentang kesehatan menyatakan bahwa kesehatan adalah keadaan sejahtera dari badan, jiwa dan sosial yang mungkin hidup produktif secara sosial dan ekonomis.
Sel adalah unit struktural dan fungsional terkecil dari tubuh. Sel dapat memperbanyak diri. Tubuh manusia mengandung sekitar 100 triliun sel. Berbagai tipe sel tubuh memiliki fitur yang membedakan satu tipe dari yang lain dan secara khusus disesuaikan untuk melakukan fungsi tertentu, misalnya sel darah merah mengangkut oksigen dari paru-paru ke jaringan, sel otot khusus untuk fungsi kontraksi. Sebuah sel yang khas, seperti yang terlihat oleh mikroskop cahaya, terdiri dari tiga komponen dasar, antara lain: membran sel, sitoplasma dan nukleus.
Persalinan adalah suatu proses fisiologis yang memungkinkan serangkaian perubahan yang besar pada ibu untuk dapat melahirkan janinnya melaui jalan lahir (Pusdik SDM Kemenkes RI, 2016a). Persalinanadalah suatu proses dimana seorang wanita melahirkan bayi yang diawali dengan kontraksi uterus yang teratur dan memuncak pada saat pengeluaran bayi sampai dengan pengeluaran plasenta dan selaputnya dimana proses persalinan ini akan berlangsung selama 12 sampai 14 jam (Pusdik SDM Kemenkes RI, 2016b). Pada saat mulai persalinan, jaringan dari miometrium berkontraksi dan berelaksasi seperti otot pada umumnya. Sehingga saat otot retraksi, jaringan tersebut tidak akan kembali ke ukuran semula tapi berubah ke ukuran yang lebih pendek secara progresif. Dengan perubahan bentuk otot uterus pada proses kontraksi, relaksasi, dan retraksi maka kavum uteri lama kelamaan menjadi semakin mengecil. Proses ini merupakan salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan janin turun ke pelviks. Kontraksi uterus mulai dari fundus dan terus melebar sampai ke bawah abdomen dengan dominasi tarikan ke arah fundus (fundal dominan). Kontraksi uterus berakhir dengan masa yang terpanjang dan sangat kuat pada fundus.
Microstrip patch antennas have become the favorite of antenna designers because of its versatility and advantages of planar profile, ease of fabrication, compatibility with integrated circuit technology, and conformability with a shaped surface. As there is currently an urgent need for graduate students and practicing engineers to gain an in-depth understanding of this subject, this book was written with this purpose in mind. The authors are IEEE Fellows who have made significant contributions to their fields of expertise. Professor K F Lee was the recipient of the 2009 John Kraus Antenna Award of the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society.
As an annual event, The 3rd INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCE & SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION (ICASI) 2020 continued the agenda to bring together researcher, academics, experts and professionals in examining selected theme by applying multidisciplinary approaches. In 2020, this event will be held in 20 June at Garuda Plaza Hotel Medan. The conference from any kind of stakeholders related with Management, Economy, Administration Business, Tourism, Policy, Law, Operation Management and all research in Social Science and Humanities. Each contributed paper was refereed before being accepted for publication. The double-blind peer reviewed was used in the paper selection.
Process and Experience in the Language Classroom argues the case for communicative language teaching as an experiential and task driven learning process. The authors raise important questions regarding the theoretical discussion of communicative competence and current classroom practice. They propose ways in which Communicative Language Teaching should develop within an educational model of theory and practice, incorporating traditions of experimental and practical learning and illustrated from a wide range of international sources. Building on a critical review of recent language teaching principles and practice, they provide selection criteria for classroom activities based on a typology of communicative tasks drawn from classroom experience. The authors also discuss practical attempts to utilise project tasks both as a means of realising task based language learning and of redefining the roles of teacher and learner within a jointly constructed curriculum.
Oral Wound Healing: Cell Biology and Clinical Management brings experts from around the world together to provide an authoritative reference on the processes, principles and clinical management of wound healing in the oral mucosa. Promoting a thorough understanding of current research on the topic, this new resource draws together thinking on the basic biological processes of wound healing in the oral environment, as well as providing more detailed information and discussion on processes such as inflammation, reepithelialization and angiogenesis. Beyond this, the book goes on to examine topics pertinent to the effective clinical management of oral wound healing, bringing together chapters on large dento-facial defects, dental implants, periodontal regeneration, and pulp healing.An essential synthesis of current research and clinical applications, Oral Wound Healing will be an indispensable resource for dental specialists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons as well as researchers in oral medicine and biology.
This volume aims at analysing the main tools, frameworks and issues concerning sustainability disclosure. Particular emphasis is given to the Integrated Reporting, with the aim to identify its antecedents, use within companies, as well as its implementation issues, strengths and weaknesses.
Focusing on the later manifestations of incest, this reference offers a diagnostic aftereffects checklist, suggestions for healthy, rather than neurotic, coping mechanisms, and therapeutic treatment strategies.
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