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Function and Regulation of Chemoreceptors
To perceive environmental chemical compounds and to convert these external signals into an intracellular message might be the oldest way for a living being to get information from the outside world. Chemoreceptors are proteins or protein complexes that detect molecules from the outside world either at distance (olfaction) or at close range (gustation). Chemoreceptors can operate as ionotropic or as metabotropic receptors. Ionotropic receptors form ion channels that are activated via ligand binding. Activation of a metabotropic receptor initiates an intracellular signaling cascade that could include a change of enzymatic activity, production of second messenger or activation of ion channels. The receptor performance has to be fine-tuned according to the actual physiological requirements and the presentation of the chemical signal. This Research Topic collects reports and reviews on structure and function of chemoreceptors in the animal kingdom, and how these receptors are regulated.
Design principles of sensory receptors
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Emerging Mechanisms in Neuronal Signaling: From Cell Biology to Pathogenesis
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Neuronal Mechanics and Transport
Understanding the underlying mechanisms of how axons and dendrites develop is a fundamental problem in neuroscience and a main goal of research on nervous system development and regeneration. Previous studies have provided a tremendous amount of information on signaling and cytoskeletal proteins regulating axonal and dendritic growth and guidance. However, relatively little is known about the relative contribution and role of cytoskeletal dynamics, transport of organelles and cytoskeletal components, and force generation to axonal elongation. Advancing the knowledge of these biomechanical processes is critical to better understand the development of the nervous system, the pathological progr...
Crosstalk between the osteogenic and neurogenic stem cell niches: how far are they from each other?
Somatic stem cells reside in definite compartments, known as "niches", within developed organs and tissues, being able to renew themselves, differentiate and ensure tissue maintenance and repair. In contrast with the original dogmatic distinction between renewing and non-renewing tissues, somatic stem cells have been found in almost every human organism, including brain and heart. (HSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), that intensely interacts. HSCs represent the common precursors of all mature blood cells. (Bone, cartilage, blood vessels, adipose tissue, and.), And in the case of the skeletal muscle Supporting connective stroma). Despite this high plasticity, the claim that MSCs could be...
International Symposium on Olfaction and Taste
This volume presents the latest research in the broad field of the chemical senses from the International Symposium on Olfaction and Taste. This field includes not only the obvious senses of taste and smell but also chemical irritation and related sensations. Scientists investigate the mechanisms and functions of the chemical senses in the oral and nasal cavity as well as in the viscera including the gut and airways. This volume takes an integrative approach and provides historical context for modern research in the field. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit www.blackwellpublishing.com/nyas. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to the Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member.
Frontiers in the Pharmacological Manipulation of Intracellular cAMP Levels
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a second messenger of paramount biological importance, involved in the regulation of a significant number of cellular functions through the cAMP-dependent intracellular signal transduction pathways. The aim of this "Frontiers in Pharmacology" Research Topic was to attract contributions that highlight emerging ideas in the cAMP field that: (i) describe its role in cellular function and homeostasis, (ii) present the current approaches to its pharmacological manipulation, and (iii) clarify its central role in the development of more targeted therapeutic approaches toward a spectrum of diseases. The present collection of articles highlights, in a representative (but certainly not exhaustive) way, the research activity and emerging concepts in the field, while it also reveals the therapeutic potential that targeted pharmacological manipulation of intracellular cAMP levels could exert on a number of pathological conditions.
Morphogens in the Wiring of the Nervous System
Neuronal function relies on the establishment of proper connections between neurons and their target cells during development. This basic statement involves several cellular processes, such as neuronal differentiation, the polarized outgrowth of axons and dendrites from differentiated neurons, and the pathfinding of axons towards target cells. The subsequent recognition of complementary synaptic partners finally triggers the formation, maturation, and maintenance of functional synapses. Morphogens are secreted signaling molecules that regulate tissue patterning and cell identity during early embryonic development. Remarkably, growing evidence over the last years arising from different invertebrate and vertebrate model organisms has shown that, after cell fate has been established, morphogens also control the precise wiring of the nervous system.
