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This innovative book tells the fascinating tale of the long histories of violence, punishment, and the human body, and how they are all connected. Taking the decline of violence and the transformation of punishment as its guiding themes, the book highlights key dynamics of historical and social change, and charts how a refinement and civilizing of manners, and new forms of celebration and festival, accompanied the decline of violence. Pieter Spierenburg, a leading figure in historical criminology, skillfully extends his view over three continents, back to the middle ages and even beyond to the Stone Age. Ranging along the way from murder to etiquette, from social control to popular culture, from religion to death, and from honor to prisons, every chapter creatively uses the theories of Norbert Elias, while also engaging with the work of Foucault and Durkheim. The scope and rigor of the analysis will strongly interest scholars of criminology, history, and sociology, while the accessible style and the intriguing stories on which the book builds will appeal to anyone interested in the history of violence and punishment in civilization.
Along with most of the rest of Western culture, has crime itself become more "civilized"? This book exposes as myths the beliefs that society has become more violent than it has been in the past and that violence is more likely to occur in cities than in rural areas. The product of years of study by scholars from North America and Europe, The Civilization of Crime shows that, however violent some large cities may be now, both rural and urban communities in Sweden, Holland, England, and other countries were far more violent during the late Middle Ages than any cities are today. Contributors show that the dramatic change is due, in part, to the fact that violence was often tolerated or even ac...
Few individuals in the annals of world history have had so lasting an impact as Joan of Arc, who rallied a country behind her and continues to inspire people today. Although she began life as a peasant, she became a key figure in the latter stages of the Hundred Years' War. As a teenager she experienced visions from God calling her to aid the French king. Her confidence and bearing, along with her fervent adherence to God and her Catholic faith, belied her age and so influenced the monarch that he made her commander of one of his companies. She helped lead the French forces in battle against the English, in turn becoming a national icon. However, she was eventually captured and tried by the English in a trial rife with ecclesiastical and political overtones. Convicted as a heretic, Joan was sentenced and burned at the stake. As a martyr, she gained mythic status and the Roman Catholic Church made her a saint in 1920. This book presents a fascinating study of Joan of Arc's life based on excerpts from John A Mooney's gripping 1919 biography. The overview is augmented by a substantial and selective bibliography, featuring access provided through author, title, and subject indexes.
The Reader's Guide to Women's Studies is a searching and analytical description of the most prominent and influential works written in the now universal field of women's studies. Some 200 scholars have contributed to the project which adopts a multi-layered approach allowing for comprehensive treatment of its subject matter. Entries range from very broad themes such as "Health: General Works" to entries on specific individuals or more focused topics such as "Doctors."
An international manual is like a world cruise: a once-in-a-lifetime experience. All the more reason to consider carefully whether it is necessary. This can hardly be the case if previous research in the selected field has already been the subject of an earlier review-or even several competing surveys. On the other hand, more thorough study is necessary if the intensity and scope of research are increasing without comprehensive assessments. That was the situation in Western societies when work began on this project in the summer of 1998. It was then, too, that the challenges emerged: any manual, espe cially an international one, is a very special type of text, which is anything but routine. ...
IIn premodern Europe, the gender identity of those waiting for Doomsday in their tombs could be reaffirmed, readjusted, or even neutralized. Testimonies of this renegotiation of gender at the encounter with death is detectable in wills, letters envisioning oneself as dead, literary narratives, provisions for burial and memorialization, the laws for the disposal of those executed for heinous crimes and the treatment of human remains as relics.
This book offers the first comprehensive analysis of medieval Frisian law, focusing on the influence of Roman and canon law in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. It makes use of recent translations of Old Frisian legal texts to show the evolution of Frisian law and to unveil why the Frisians were motivated to change their traditional laws. The book covers everything from oaths as evidence in Frisian procedures, to whether Frisian widows could be guardians of their children, to the role the Frisians themselves played in the evolution of their legal system.
Includes entries for maps and atlases.
Analyse van de grote aandacht in Middelnederlandse teksten voor negatief spreken waarbij kerkelijke en andere teksten vergeleken worden met juridische bronnen.