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This study, based on primary sources, deals with the linguistic development and polemical uses of the expression Unequal Treaties, which refers to the treaties China signed between 1842 and 1946. Although this expression has occupied a central position in both Chinese collective memory and Chinese and English historiographies, this is the first book to offer an in-depth examination of China's encounters with the outside world as manifested in the rhetoric surrounding the Unequal Treaties. Author Dong Wang argues that competing forces within China have narrated and renarrated the history of the treaties in an effort to consolidate national unity, international independence, and political legitimacy and authority. In the twentieth century, she shows, China's experience with these treaties helped to determine their use of international law. Of great relevance for students of contemporary China and Chinese history, as well as Chinese international law and politics, this book illuminates how various Chinese political actors have defined and redefined the past using the framework of the Unequal Treaties.
This two-volume set LNCS 10954 and LNCS 10955 constitutes - in conjunction with the volume LNAI 10956 - the refereed proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Intelligent Computing, ICIC 2018, held in Wuhan, China, in August 2018. The 275 full papers and 72 short papers of the three proceedings volumes were carefully reviewed and selected from 632 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections such as Neural Networks.- Pattern Recognition.- Image Processing.- Intelligent Computing in Robotics.- Intelligent Control and Automation.- Intelligent Data Analysis and Prediction.- Fuzzy Theory and Algorithms.- Supervised Learning.- Unsupervised Learning.- Kernel Methods and Supp...
Su Yang was an average university student in Shanghai when he received a system that allowed him to add points to things. The point system provided him with missions and by clearing them, he would gain points. Add a point into an object, the object will receive a special ability; add a point into a plant, the plant will come alive; add points on himself, he will get talents or superpowers. With the mysterious point system in hand, Su Yang aimed to become rich and alter his fate. On his path towards success, he encountered many interesting matters and people, including famous actresses and business tyc.o.o.ns. Fueled by determination, Su Yang set his sight on adding points into all things to help him achieve his goal.
By shedding light on a long-forgotten epigraphic genre that flourished in North China during the Mongol Empire, or Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368), Genealogy and Status explores the ways the conquered Chinese people understood and represented the alien Mongol ruling principles through their own cultural tradition. This epigraphic genre, which this book collectively calls “genealogical steles,” was quite unique in the history of Chinese epigraphy. Northern Chinese officials commissioned these steles exclusively to record a family’s extensive genealogy, rather than the biography or achievements of an individual. Tomoyasu Iiyama shows how the rise of these steles demonstrates that Mongol rule ...
Su Yang was an average university student in Shanghai when he received a system that allowed him to add points to things. The point system provided him with missions and by clearing them, he would gain points. Add a point into an object, the object will receive a special ability; add a point into a plant, the plant will come alive; add points on himself, he will get talents or superpowers. With the mysterious point system in hand, Su Yang aimed to become rich and alter his fate. On his path towards success, he encountered many interesting matters and people, including famous actresses and business tyc.o.o.ns. Fueled by determination, Su Yang set his sight on adding points into all things to help him achieve his goal.
Presents a representative cross-section of entries on all aspects of the history and culture of China. Alphabetically organized, the entries include* major cities and provinces* historical eras and figures* government and politics* economics* religion* language and the writing system* food and customs* sports and martial arts* crafts and architecture* important Chinese figures outside of mainland China* important Westerners in China.