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Health Adda
Despite spectacular advances in medical sciences, navigating the road-trip of life and surmounting the inevitable health bumps that come during the journey, is increasingly becoming an intelligent individual’s do-it-alone venture. This book is a travelogue touching a wide range of health topics: from how to use the internet wisely, make your home medical kit, adopt lifestyle and food choices based on evidence, our habits and health indicators that need a watch, our gut health and stress levels, spot the dark corner of our mind, and many more. It acquaints the reader with common health challenges such as digestive and liver ailments, problems of the heart, diabetes, sleep disorders and cancers, drawing from anecdotes, real life stories and from world of news. It describes some boundaries that modern medicine is trying to explore that challenge our attitudes. And finally presents to you the human animal in a white coat called ‘doctor’. This book, grounded in science, is a chatty read on health issues, with insights and anecdotes, spiced with empathy and a dash of philosophy.
Carcinoma Gallbladder - ECAB
Carcinoma gallbladder is the third most common GI malignancy and the most common biliary tract malignancy in North India. Of all the known risk factors, gallstones are most commonly associated with GBC. Bile stasis and chronic inflammation along with occupational exposure to heavy metals, dietary carcinogens, and radiation exposure have been found to be responsible for the increased incidence of GB neoplasms. Infections with S. typhii and S. paratyphii along with Helicobacter sp. have also been associated with GBC. p 53 and ras gene mutations are strongly associated with GBC. Early diagnosis of GBC still remains a challenge and is often diagnosed as a part of investigations of any other disease. Most GBCs are at advanced stage at presentation. USG and CT scan are the common modes for the preliminary diagnosis of GBC. Surgery remains the key treatment modality and the only hope for long-term survival. A large number of patients present at the unresectable stage of the tumor, and palliation remains the only alternative to ensure better quality of life.
Hepatitis - ECAB
Hepatitis means inflammation of the liver, which can be classified as acute or chronic depending upon the duration of the condition. Various etiological agents have been correlated with the occurrence of various forms of the disease. The developed countries have a majority of drug-induced and toxic liver injury, while the developing countries like India present with a majority of feco-oral and blood borne transmissions of the disease. Viral hepatitis virtually constitutes a separate etiological group. It causes a set of typical clinical, biochemical, and histological changes with or without icterus resulting from hepatic cell damage. It may be acute or chronic. The acute form causes consider...
Alcoholic Liver Disease - ECAB
Alcoholic liver disease involves an acute or chronic inflammation of liver occurring as a consequence of alcohol abuse. The pathological changes occur in 3 stages namely, fatty liver, alcoholic liver disease and cirrhosis, with the final stage traditionally considered to be irreversible. Alcoholic liver disease is responsible for a significant number of premature deaths per annum all around the globe. There is an urgent need to educate the masses about the hazards of alcohol abuse. An efficient system to encourage and prolong the period of alcohol abstinence is the need of the hour. The importance of lifestyle modifications like weight reduction and cessation of smoking in the progression of...
Hepatic Encephalopathy - ECAB
Hepatic encephalopathy is the clinical syndrome resulting from increased ammonia levels in blood. The most common cause of HE is chronic liver disease. However, acute liver failure, Reye’s syndrome, or metabolic defects are other causes. The true prevalence of overt HE is difficult to establish because of the considerable heterogeneity in etiology and disease severity. However, HE has been reported to be present in around 50% of patients with cirrhosis or with porto-caval shunts at some time during their illness. It is less common in patients with portosystemic shunts without liver disease. Thirty percent of patients dying of end-stage liver disease experience significant encephalopathy, a...
Chronic Pancreatitis - ECAB
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is defined as a continuous or recurrent inflammatory disease of the pancreas characterized by progressive and irreversible morphological changes. It typically causes pain and permanent impairment of pancreatic function. In chronic pancreatitis, areas of focal necrosis are typically associated with perilobular and intralobular fibrosis of the parenchyma, by stone formation in the pancreatic duct, and by the development of pseudocysts. Late in the course of the disease a progressive loss of endocrine and exocrine function occurs. In the past, chronic pancreatitis was considered to be mostly associated with chronic alcohol abuse. During the past 2 decades idiopathic ch...
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - ECAB
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a common cause of chronic liver disease, and its incidence is rising worldwide. Understanding its pathogenesis, biochemical parameters, histological grading and staging, and its management is a vital issue in today’s clinical practice. It appears to be linked directly to the growing epidemic of obesity in adults as well as in children. Thus, in a sense, NAFLD is a self-inflicted liver disease, much like alcoholic liver disease. The exact causes responsible for the development of NAFLD have not been established yet. However, some researchers consider that cluster of disorders that increases the risk of developing heart disease, diabetes, and stroke may b...
Acute Pancreatitis - ECAB
Acute pancreatitis is defined as an acute inflammatory process of the pancreas that may also involve peripancreatic tissues and/or remote organ systems. It typically presents with sudden deep, boring pain that starts in the epigastrium and radiates to the back, which usually worsens on intake of food. It may be of varying severity ranging from mild to severe. Mild disease, if managed promptly and adequately resolves with minimal or no sequelae and seldom leads to extended morbidity or mortality. However Severe Acute Pancreatitis has a longer course of resolution, usually requires hospitalization and has a greater propensity to lead to adverse outcomes. As a thumb rule, it has greater morbidi...
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - ECAB
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses a spectrum of autoimmmune diseases which include ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, and indeterminate colitis. Ulcerative colitis is a relapsing nontransmural inflammatory disease restricted to colon, which may be classified as proctitis, left-sided colitis, or pancolitis depending on the extent of involvement. Some patients also develop ileal inflammation (backwash ileitis), which occasionally complicates its differentiation from Crohn’s ileocolitis. Crohn’s disease is defined as a relapsing transmural inflammatory disease of gastrointestinal mucosa that may affect the entire gastrointestinal tract (GIT) from the mouth to the anus. There ...
Alcoholic Hepatitis - ECAB
Alcoholic hepatitis involves an acute or chronic inflammation of liver occurring as a consequence of alcohol abuse The pathological changes occur in 3 stages namely, fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis, with the final stage traditionally considered to be irreversible Alcoholic liver disease is responsible for a significant number of premature deaths per annum all around the globe There is an urgent need to educate the masses about the hazards of alcohol abuse An efficient system to encourage and prolong the period of alcohol abstinence is the need of the hour The importance of lifestyle modifications like weight reduction and cessation of smoking in the progression of liver diseas...
