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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
All living things are comprised of cells. A cell is the building block of complex organisms. All cells contain genetic material. Some cells contain subunits known as organelles that perform specific functions. Protein processing, energy generation, and macromolecular biosynthesis are some of the functions of organelles. Recently, advances in cell biology have elucidated new insights in cellular development and the unique functions of different types of cells. The era of biotechnology is rooted in biologics, and cell biology has delivered novel therapeutic candidates. Personalized medicine has its underpinnings in cell biology. Innovations in Cell Research and Therapy focuses on recent key advances that are transforming health and medical sciences. Understanding fundamental cellular processes, including cellular differentiation, the many applications of stem cells, natural and synthetic approaches for inducing apoptosis, and new insights into organelle biology and macromolecular processing are representative examples of the topics that are addressed in the chapters found in this book.
A healthy skeletal musculature is necessary for a good quality of life and is important in sports. The loss of skeletal muscle mass leads to severe clinical complications and alters daily functioning. The aim of this book is to give an overview of skeletal muscle atrophy including pathomechanism, clinical characters, and the tools for prevention and treatment. Skeletal muscle atrophy can develop due to neurogenic or myogenic reasons, and frequently appears as an age-dependent disorder (sarcopenia). The studies of theoretical background give promising perspectives to prevent and treat muscle atrophy. The book is recommended to scientists, practitioners, students, sportsmen, and everybody who is interested in the normal and impaired function of the skeletal muscle.
This book elucidates the genetic, biological, morphological and functional aspects of telocytes. Telocytes are a recently defined type of interstitial (stromal) cells, with very long (tens to hundreds of micrometres) and very thin prolongations (mostly below the resolving power of light microscopy). The book describes the presence of telocytes in various organs and tissues, details their morphological characteristics, explores their genomic and proteomic profiles, puts forward preclinical evidence of their application, and discusses their potential in the context of clinical therapeutics. As such, it offers a valuable guide for biologists and clinicians alike. Dr. Xiangdong Wang is a distinguished Professor of Medicine. He is Director of the Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Executive Director of the Clinical Science Institute at Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China; Dr. Dragos Cretoiu is an Associate Professor of Pathology at the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest.
The book describes molecular principles and mechanisms by which mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can drive the occurrence of diseases and the latest understanding of mtDNA biology. The book explores roles of mtDNA mutation and genetic changes in cancer, with a special focus on lung cancer, and the significance of approach, application, and bioethics of mtDNA sequencing. Authors made a great effort to overview roles of mtDNA signaling pathways, base excision repair, methylation, USP30-mediated regulation, mitochondrial ribosome, autophagy pathways, or ROS-dependent signaling in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases. It also demonstrates the importance of basic mitochondrial genetics and the relationship between mutations and disease phenotypes and ageing. This book covers not only the basic information of mtDNA, the relationship of mtDNA and disease, but also mtDNA in stem cell and mitochondria and metabolism etc. The book is written for biological and clinical students and researchers in the field of mtDNA–associated diseases.
This Research Topic aims to collect all the Case Reports submitted to the General Cardiovascular Medicine section. All the Case Reports submitted to this collection will be personally assessed by the Specialty Chief Editor before the beginning of the peer-review process. Please make sure your article adheres to the following guidelines before submitting it. Case Reports highlight unique cases of patients that present with an unexpected diagnosis, treatment outcome, or clinical course. Only Case Reports that are original and significantly advance the field will be considered: 1) RARE case with TYPICAL features 2) FREQUENT case with ATYPICAL features 3) Cases with a convincing response to new treatments, i.e. single case of off-label use
Volume I.B An outbreak of a respiratory disease first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and the causative agent was discovered in January 2020 to be a novel betacoronovirus of the same subgenus as SARS-CoV and named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly disseminated worldwide, with clinical manifestations ranging from mild respiratory symptoms to severe pneumonia and a fatality rate estimated around 2%. Person to person transmission is occurring both in the community and healthcare settings. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently declared the COVID-19 epidemic a public health emergency of international ...