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This book aims to define the etiological factors in dental caries and to guide the clinician towards methods of caries prevention that are evidence based. The coverage includes discussion of the active role of the biofilm and the oral environment and emphasizes the multifactorial etiology of dental caries. The opening chapters describe the early detection and diagnosis of dental caries, highlight the value of caries risk assessment to the patient, and explain the dynamic process of the demineralization–remineralization cycle. Information is presented on the action of fluoride, and the evidence relating to the use and effectiveness of remineralization agents and biomimetic materials is reviewed. Additionally, the effects of antimicrobials such as chlorhexidine and ozone are summarized. Further chapters focus on dietary counseling (with information on sweeteners and probiotics), the effectiveness of sealants in caries prevention, and resin infiltration. The philosophy of prophylaxis and ways to improve patient compliance and achieve proper mechanical plaque removal are discussed. The book is concluded with a chapter discussing preventive actions in representative cases.
The book contains selected research papers presented at the 2nd International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems and Control (CPS&C’2021) which was held from 29 June to 2 July 2021 in St. Petersburg, Russia. The CPS&C’2021 Conference continues the series of international conferences that began in 2019 when the first International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems and Control (CPS&C’2019) took place. Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) considered a modern and rapidly emerging generation of systems with integrated wide computational, information processing, and physical capabilities that can interact with humans through many new modalities and application areas of implementation. The book...