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The Bourbon monarchs who ascended the Spanish throne in 1700 attempted to reform the colonial system they had inherited, and, in particular, to make administration more efficient and cost-effective. This book analyses one aspect of the Bourbon reforms, which was the efforts to transform frontier missions, to make the missions more cost-effective, and to accelerate the integration of indigenous peoples in northern Mexico to European cultural norms. In some instances, the Crown had funded missions for more than a century, but with minimal results. The book attempts to show how the mission programs changed, and what the consequences – especially demographic – were for the indigenous peoples brought to live on the missions.
Combining historical background with discussion of contemporary Native nations and their living cultures, this comprehensive text introduces students to the many Indigenous peoples in North America. Organized by region to highlight cultural practices, each part covers the topography, climate, and natural resources in the area and describes the range of cultural practices and beliefs among groups. Subsequent tribe-specific chapters are devoted to different Native communities, addressing both their history and contemporary lives. New to the Third Edition: New Chapter 26, “Contemporary Challenges” explores the issues facing Native communities today, including environmental crises, voting rights, residential school investigations New Chapter 27, “The Arts, Pop Culture, and Representation” examines contemporary Indigenous writers, musicians, and film makers as well as the challenges Indigenous peoples face with misrepresentation Fully revised art program with a wealth of images and maps explores different Native cultures Updated statistics on social and economic data as well as demographic profiles
For over three decades the work of Antonia I. Castañeda has shaped the fields of Western History and Chicana Studies. From her early articles on Chicana representation and political economy, to her most recent work mapping gendered violence and gendered resistance in the history of the U.S. Southwest, her work is consistently taught in classrooms and cited extensively. Yet Castañeda's work has been scattered throughout journals and anthologies, a "paper chase" for historians to track down. Three Decades of Engendering History ends the chase. This volume, edited by Linda Heidenreich, collects ten of Castañeda's best articles, including the widely circulated article "Engendering the History...
The first full account of the government-sanctioned genocide of California Indians under United States rule Between 1846 and 1873, California's Indian population plunged from perhaps 150,000 to 30,000. Benjamin Madley is the first historian to uncover the full extent of the slaughter, the involvement of state and federal officials, the taxpayer dollars that supported the violence, indigenous resistance, who did the killing, and why the killings ended. This deeply researched book is a comprehensive and chilling history of an American genocide. Madley describes pre-contact California and precursors to the genocide before explaining how the Gold Rush stirred vigilante violence against Californi...
Incorporating recent findings by leading Southwest scholars as well as original research, this book takes a fresh new look at the history of Spanish missions in northern Mexico/the American Southwest during the 17th and 18th centuries. Far from a record of heroic missionaries, steadfast soldiers, and colonial administrators, it examines the experiences of the natives brought to live on the missions, and the ways in which the mission program attempted to change just about every aspect of indigenous life. Emphasizing the effect of the missions on native populations, demographic patterns, economics, and socio-cultural change, this path-breaking work fills a major gap in the history of the Southwest.
The realm of Neduin is embroiled in a bitter war between the kingdoms of Lagoon in the East and the High King's kingdom of Southwell in the southern region. Charles Babyish seeks more men to increase his forces so he can advance upon Southwell, but to do this he must look toward the Northern region and the Kingdom of Snowspire and it's king Frederick Castillo for help. Maybe with the marriage of Babyish's daughter to Castillo's son, it may sweeten the deal, as well as gold for payment toward the use of his men. Meanwhile, the High King Jonas Yale formulates a plan to stop the advancing army from the north with the help of an unknown stranger, who embarks upon a mission toward the northern borders and the kingdom of Snowspire. Also hidden within the shadows away from the eyes of the warring factions, sinister plots are in play unbeknownst to all...
Few cities are so dramatically identified with their environment as San Francisco—the landscape of hills, the expansive bay, the engulfing fog, and even the deadly fault line shifting below. Yet most residents think of the city itself as separate from the natural environment on which it depends. In Our Better Nature, Philip J. Dreyfus recounts the history of San Francisco from Indian village to world-class metropolis, focusing on the interactions between the city and the land and on the generations of people who have transformed them both. Dreyfus examines the ways that San Franciscans remade the landscape to fit their needs, and how their actions reflected and affected their ideas about n...
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After finally graduating with a culinary degree, Jennifer Lim is pressured by her family to work at her control-freak aunty's restaurant. But after a family dispute, Jenn is determined to no longer be a doormat and instead starts her own catering company. Her search for a wine merchant brings Edward Castillo into her life--a tall, dark, handsome biker in form-fitting black leather, who's Hispanic to boot. It would be wonderfully wild to snag a man like that! Shy engineer Edward tentatively tries out his birthday present from his winery-owner uncle--a Harley-Davidson complete with the trimmings. Jennifer seems attracted to the rough, aggressive image, but it isn't his real self. Is she latching onto him just to spite her horrified family? And if this spark between them is real, will showing her the true guy underneath put it out? And what's with the goat in the backyard?
In 1976 the Supreme Court of the United States affirmed the legality of capital punishment in their ruling on Gregg v. Georgia. In the forty-six years since the decision was handed down, 1,551 convicted prisoners have been executed. The United States is the only Western nation—and one of four advanced democracies—that regularly applies the death penalty. While the death penalty is legal in twenty-seven states, only twenty-one have the means to carry out death sentences. Of those states, Texas has executed the most prisoners in recent history, putting 578 people to death since the 1976 ruling, beginning with Charlie Brooks in 1982. Texas retains the third-largest death row population, beh...