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Electron Beam Welding
Translated from the German, this is a practical book for engineers which explains the trials, development and manufacturing processes involved in electron beam welding.
Electron-beam Welding of Tungsten
Reported progress on the electron-beam welding of commercially pure W indicates that sound crack-free welds can be made if the weld is not restrained during welding. Although the data are not all consistent, welds which are smooth and have minimum fusion and heat-affected zone width should be the strongest and most ductile. Tensile strengths are equivalent to the base metal near the recrystallization temperature but are appreciably lower at room temperature. The ductile-to-brittle transition temperatures for electron-beam-welded tungsten are above that of the base metal. The impact resistance of electron-beam-welded tungsten is very low. Electron-beam welding of tungsten parts should be thoroughly evaluated on production prototypes before specifying its use. (Author).
Electron Beam Welding of Aerospace Materials
High-voltage electron beam welding techniques capable of producing butt welds of optimum strength and ductility were developed for B120VCA titanium, D6AC steel, molybdenum-0.5% titanium to tungsten, and beryllium. Welds were produced in material thicknesses of 0.125 inch for the B120VCA titanium; 0.290 inch and 0.090 inch for the D6AC steel; 0.100 inch, 0.050 inch, and 0.005 inch for the molybdenum-0.5% titanium welded to tungsten; and 0.040 inch for the beryllium. The effects of thermal treatments (aging and heat treating) were investigated in the B120VCA and D6AC by welding and testing a variety of weld/thermal treatment combinations. A comprehensive preliminary welding phase was conducted during which the effects of various welding conditions on weld-zone characteristics were evaluated by visual, radiographic or dye penetrant, and metallographic inspection. Welds were evaluated for extent of fusion, grain size, cracking, porosity, and other pertinent effects.
