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This book discusses the physical properties of noble fluids, operational principles of detectors based on these media, and the best technical solutions to the design of these detectors. Essential attention is given to detector technology: purification methods and monitoring of purity, information readout methods, electronics, detection of hard ultra-violet light emission, selection of materials, cryogenics etc. The book is mostly addressed to physicists and graduate students involved in the preparation of fundamental next generation experiments, nuclear engineers developing instrumentation for national nuclear security and for monitoring nuclear materials.
An award-winning science journalist details the quest to isolate and understand dark matter--and shows how that search has helped us to understand the universe we inhabit. When you train a telescope on outer space, you can see luminous galaxies, nebulae, stars, and planets. But if you add all that together, it constitutes only 15 percent of the matter in the universe. Despite decades of research, the nature of the remaining 85 percent is unknown. We call it dark matter. In The Elephant in the Universe, Govert Schilling explores the fascinating history of the search for dark matter. Evidence for its existence comes from a wealth of astronomical observations. Theories and computer simulations ...
"Through narrative stories, explores female scientists who have made major contributions in science and culture"--
Describes the dark matter problem in particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology for graduate students and researchers.
These proceedings provide the latest results on dark matter and dark energy research. The UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy hosted its tenth Dark Matter and Dark Energy conference in Marina del Rey and brought together all the leaders in the field. The symposium provided a scientific forum for the latest discussions in the field. Topics covered at the symposium: •Status of measurements of the equation of state of dark energy and new experiments •The search for missing energy events at the LHC and implications for dark matter search •Theoretical calculations on all forms of dark matter (SUSY, axions, sterile neutrinos, etc.) •Status of the indirect search for dark matter •Status of the direct search for dark matter in detectors around the world •The low-mass wimp search region •The next generation of very large dark matter detectors •New underground laboratories for dark matter search
Contents:Predicted Signals at the LHC from Technicolor (A Martin)How Supercritical String Cosmology Affects LHC (D V Nanopoulos)Progress on the Ultraviolet Finiteness of Supergravity (Z Bern)Quantum Gravity from Dynamical Triangulation (R Loll)Status of Superstring and M-Theory (J H Schwarz)Strongly Coupled Gauge Theories (R Kenway)Strongly Interacting Matter at High Energy Density (L McLerran)The Nature and the Mass of Neutrinos. Majorana vs Dirac (A Bettini)The Anomalous Spin Distributions in the Nucleon (A Deshpande)and other papers Readership: Students, researchers and academics in the field of subnuclear physics. Keywords:Black Holes;QCD;SUSY;QED;Collider;Attractors
The inside story of the epic quest to solve the mystery of dark matter The ordinary atoms that make up the known universe—from our bodies and the air we breathe to the planets and stars—constitute only 5 percent of all matter and energy in the cosmos. The rest is known as dark matter and dark energy, because their precise identities are unknown. The Cosmic Cocktail is the inside story of the epic quest to solve one of the most compelling enigmas of modern science—what is the universe made of?—told by one of today's foremost pioneers in the study of dark matter. Blending cutting-edge science with her own behind-the-scenes insights as a leading researcher in the field, acclaimed theore...
Astronomers and astrophysicists are making revolutionary advances in our understanding of planets, stars, galaxies, and even the structure of the universe itself. The Decade of Discovery presents a survey of this exciting field of science and offers a prioritized agenda for space- and ground-based research into the twenty-first century. The book presents specific recommendations, programs, and expenditure levels to meet the needs of the astronomy and astrophysics communities. Accessible to the interested lay reader, the book explores: The technological investments needed for instruments that will be built in the next century. The importance of the computer revolution to all aspects of astronomical research. The potential usefulness of the moon as an observatory site. Policy issues relevant to the funding of astronomy and the execution of astronomical projects. The Decade of Discovery will prove valuable to science policymakers, research administrators, scientists, and students in the physical sciences, and interested lay readers.
As the various disciplines of science advance, they proliferate and tend to become more esoteric. Barriers of specialized terminologies form, which cause scientists to lose contact with their colleagues, and differences in points-of-view emerge which hinder the unification of knowledge among the various disciplines, and even within a given discipline. As a result, the scientist, and especially the student, is in many instances offered fragmented glimpses of subjects that are funda mentally synthetic and that should be treated in their own right. Such seems to be the case of the liquid state. Unlike the other states of matter -- gases, solids, and plasmas -- the liquid state has not yet recei...
Beyond Higgs / W.A. Bardeen -- Is N = 8 supergravity ultraviolet finite? / Z. Bern -- Extremal black holes and attractors / S. Ferrara -- Exotic mesons / L. Maiani -- The entropic principle and the landscape in SUSY gauge theories / H. Ooguri -- Warped dimensions / L. Randall -- Unitarity in the Brout-Englert-Higgs mechanism for gravity / C. 'tHooft -- AdS/CFT and light-front QCD / S.J. Brodsky -- Physics of the light quarks / H. Leutwyler -- BFKL equation and anomalous dimensions in N = 4 SUSY / L.N. Lipatov -- The color glass condensate and the glasma / L. McLerran -- Highlights from CERN / R. Aymar -- Highlights from Gran Sasso / E. Coccia -- Highlights from the CNGS & OPERA / Y. Declais ...