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The ideas that mark modern-day pragmatics are old, but did not start to get more systematically developed until the 1960s and 1970s. Still, the very recognition of pragmatics as a self-standing academic discipline is a product of the 1980s, not least made possible by the establishment of the International Pragmatics Association. One scholar in particular has devoted his life both to IPrA and to the discipline. This volume pays homage to Jef Verschueren on the occasion of his 60th birthday. It celebrates him for his long-standing dedication as Secretary General of IPrA and for his scholarly contributions to the field. We owe to Jef Verschueren the insight that the processes through which language users (do or do not) achieve understanding among each other in communication can only be fully comprehended if approached from a pragmatic perspective, i.e. if understanding is pragmaticized. The chapters in this book are written by scholars who, like Jef Verschueren, have played a key role in the genesis and development of the field, and who still actively contribute to its advancement today. Each author looks back, evaluates the present, and takes on new challenges.
There has been significant interest globally in understanding how purchasing arrangements can be designed strategically to optimize the delivery of health services. Given the growing burden of chronic diseases worldwide and the costs they are likely to impose on health systems, it is imperative that health services for chronic diseases are purchased in a way that contributes to the objectives of universal health coverage, including improved quality, and ultimately achieves better health outcomes. This paper explores the role of purchasing arrangements in improving the quality of chronic disease care. Specifically, the paper provides an overview and summary of the types of payment methods tha...
The themes of this "Arcjitecture Annual" focuses on how the materials, design, construction and running of a building can affect the environment.
While a growing literature analyzes the economic effects of cash for work programs in developing countries, there remains little evidence about the longer-term effects of these interventions. This paper presents findings from a randomized controlled trial evaluating a three month intervention providing public works employment in rural Tunisia. The evaluation design incorporates two dimensions of randomization — community-level randomization to treatment and control, and individual-level randomization among eligible individuals — and a sample of 2,718 individuals was tracked over five years. The findings suggest that cash for work leads to significant increases in labor market engagement, assets, consumption, financial inclusion, civic engagement, psychological well being, and women’s empowerment one-year post-treatment; however, these effects have largely attenuated to zero five years post-treatment, with the exception of a positive effect on assets. There is also evidence of positive spillover effects within treatment communities, but these effects similarly attenuate over time
Contemporary Healthcare Issues in Sub-Saharan Africa: Social, Economic, and Cultural Perspectives discusses contemporary healthcare issues in Sub-Saharan Africa to identify deficiencies in the system and provide workable recommendations for strengthening healthcare delivery on the continent. Contributors address topical issues such as drug quality, malaria control, health insurance, geriatric care, and the environment-health nexus. The contributors also study intimate partner violence and maternal-child health, food safety, prevalence of childhood tuberculosis, and cardiovascular diseases. This book provides in-depth analyses of current issues in Sub-Saharan Africa that blend theory and practice. The diverse group of contributors includes experts in clinical medicine, pharmacy, economics, anthropology, public health, and the social sciences.
An analysis that offers evidence to challenge the widely held assumption that urbanization and environmental quality are necessarily at odds.
This full-color text offers a comprehensive introduction to population geography, grounding students in the tools and techniques that are used to describe and understand population concepts. Arguing that an understanding of population is essential to prepare for the future, Newbold provides undergraduates with a thorough grasp of the field.
This document outlines the background to and design of the Health Financing Progress Matrix (HFPM), WHO’s standardized qualitative approach to assessing country health financing systems. Primarily qualitative in nature, but drawing on extensive quantitative indicators, the HFPM assesses a country’s health financing institutions, processes, policies and their implementation, against good practice in the context of universal health coverage (UHC). Benchmarks are defined in terms of nineteen desirable attributes, which crystallize evidence about what works in health financing in order to make progress to UHC. The paper also details a number of processes which govern the implementation of th...