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Biophysical studies in the 1950ies and 1960ies led to the realization that the water permeability of certain biological membranes must be due to the presence of water transporting proteins. This hypothesis was confirmed in 1991 and 1992 with the pioneering discovery of the first molecular membrane water channel, CHIP28, by Agre and coworkers. This integral membrane protein, which is abundant in the erythrocyte membrane and in many epithelial cells, is now called aquaporin-1 or AQP1. Thus the terms water channel or aquaporin are synonymous. In July 2000 more than 200 researchers came together in Gothenburg, Sweden, for the `3rd International Conference on the Molecular Biology and Physiology of Water and Solute Transport" to discuss progress in this emerging research field. 58 different presentations from this conference are the basis for this book. Cumulatively, these 58 short chapters provide a balanced overview complementing numerous recent reviews in this field.
Armed with cutting-edge techniques, biochemists have unwittingly uncovered startling molecular features inside the cell that compel only one possible conclusion--a supernatural agent must be responsible for life. Destined to be a landmark apologetic work, The Cell's Design explores the full scientific and theological impact of these discoveries. Instead of focusing on the inability of natural processes to generate life's chemical systems (as nearly all apologetics works do), Fazale Rana makes a positive case for life's supernatural basis by highlighting the many biochemical features that reflect the Creator's hallmark signature. This breakthrough work extends the case for design beyond irreducible complexity. These never-before-discussed evidences for design will evoke awe and amazement at God's creative majesty in the remarkable elegance of the cell's chemistry.
Aquaporins summarizes the present knowledge in this expanding field of research, starting with the structural analysis of water channel proteins. Subsequent chapters begin with mammalian aquaporins, examining physiology and pathophysiology, analysis of knock-out model animals, and the regulation of aquaporin function. Also covered is the distribution and regulation of aquaporins in plants and the function of water and glycerol channels in microbial systems. - Comprehensive treatment of a topical research field - Authored by world leaders in the field - Covers structural biology and physiology - Covers different experimental and biological systems - Chapters on plant and microbial systems - Extensive treatment of mammalian physiology and pathophysiology - Structural analysis excellently illustrated
This book addresses the possibilities and challenges in mimicking biological membranes and creating membrane-based sensor and separation devices. Recent advances in developing biomimetic membranes for technological applications will be presented with focus on the use of integral membrane protein mediated transport for sensing and separation. It describes the fundamentals of biosensing as well as separation and shows how the two processes are working in a cooperative manner in biological systems. Biomimetics is a truly cross-disciplinary approach and this is exemplified using the process of forward osmosis will be presented as an illustration of how advances in membrane technology may be dire...
Transporters and channels are membrane proteins that mediate the traffic of metabolites, water and ions across biological membranes. Membrane transport proteins are crucial to maintain homeostasis and assure cell survival upon intracellular or environmental stress. A failure of any of these transport systems may have dramatic consequences for cell function. There is increasing evidence that membrane transport proteins play important functions in healthy conditions and that their absence or dysfunction may cause diseases. In recent years much attention has been paid to diseases resulting from defective transporters (“carrier diseases”) and ion channels (“channelopathies”). Very intere...
To produce energy, aerobic organisms transform oxygen molecules into water. This reductive mechanism yields toxic radical intermediates, collectively known as reactive oxygen species (ROS). Paradoxically, these physiological processes entail the production of potentially damaging species. Evolution has turned this apparent disadvantage into an opportunity for transmitting information. As a result, redox signaling within the cell is an efficient exquisitely organized process. A key element for its regulation is the physical separation of sources and targets into different cell compartments. Peroxiporins, H2O2 transporting proteins spanning biological membranes, distribute the signal from emit...
Sixteen years have passed since human aquaporin-1 (AQP1) was discovered as the first water channel, facilitating trans-membrane water fluxes. Subsequent years of research showed that the water channel AQP1 was only the tip of an iceberg; the iceberg itself being the ubiquitous super family of membrane intrinsic proteins (MIPs) that facilitate trans-membrane transport of water and an increasing number of small, water-soluble and uncharged compounds. Here we introduce you to the superfamily of MIPs and provide a summary about our gradually refined understanding of the phylogenetic relationship of its members. This volume is dedicated to the metalloids, a recently discovered group of substrates...
The global emergency caused by HIV / AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis requires new approaches to confront these three major poverty-related diseases. ln response to this emergency, the European Commission provides a broad comprehensive approach in a wide range of policy areas, including trade, development and research. For research, the overall strategy is to develop new drugs, vaccines and other effective interventions through two mechanisms: (i) support of research projects of promising new candidates through pre-clinical and early human testing and (ii) establishment of a programme to support phases Il and III clinical trials in Africa through the EDCTP (European & Developping Clinical Trials Partnership). The sixth Framework Programme - FP6 (2002-2006) allocates a total of € 400 million to HIV / AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis with around 200 million for each of the interlinked components.
The LATEX typesetting System remains a popular choice for typesetting a wide variety of documents, from papers, journal articles, and presentations, to books—especially those that include technical text or demand high-quality composition. This book is the most comprehensive guide to making illustrations in LATEX documents, and it has been completely revised and expanded to include the latest developments in LATEX graphics. The authors describe the most widely used packages and provide hundreds of solutions to the most commonly encountered LATEX illustration problems. This book will show you how to • Incorporate graphics files into a LATEX document • Program technical diagrams using sev...