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Recent Progress in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transitions
The concept of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) provides a basis for understanding complex changes in gene expression, molecular function and cell behaviour. This field has undergone explosive growth in the last few years as the concept has spread from developmental biology to the pathologies of cancer and fibrosis. As scientists are on the verge of being able to control or mitigate the process of EMT in some pathological conditions, understanding of its fundamental mechanisms is of vital importance. This special issue brings together selected reviews and new data from the Boden Conference on Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transitions. The reviews highlight developmental, cancer and pathological EMTs, and are rich in detail at the cell and molecular levels. The publication is aimed at cancer biologists, pathologists and developmental biologists who are interested in why cells begin to move, and the genes and molecules involved in this process.
Cancer Plasticity and the Microenvironment: Implications for Immunity and Therapy Response
Cancer cells can change and adapt, especially within the host environment; a phenomenon known as cancer plasticity. Several factors, including the immune system can influence, and be influenced by, cancer plasticity which in turn can impact upon patient responses to treatment. As such, we currently face several challenges for implementing combination therapies as effective cancer treatment strategies. We have compiled a topic with a number of articles that emphasize the various aspects of cancer plasticity, describing in particular the important role of the tumor microenvironment. As we embark on a new era of precision medicine with multi-modal therapies for improving patient outcomes, this topic highlights some relevant points for consideration that are pertinent to the incorporation and effective use of new treatments as part of cancer treatment regimens, including immune-modulating drugs.
Epithelial-mesenchymal Transitions: New Advances in Development, Fibrosis and Cancer
This special issue represents a progression through signaling processes, development, fibrosis and cancer, illustrating common underlying mechanisms and highlighting the growing recognition of therapeutic possibilities. Novel molecular pathways are shown in the context of known regulators, and many articles offer specific insights into therapeutic targeting. Not surprisingly, several articles relate to the signaling pathways activated by the common anchor transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta in relation to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). A number of new mechanisms with therapeutic implications are described, specifically the interplay between the non-Smad PI3 kinase-Akt-mTOR axis and EMT-associated invasion in response to TGF-beta, the unexpected role of c-Abl in repressing TGF-beta1-induced EMT, the cooperativity between oncostatin M, hepatocyte growth factor and TGF-beta1 in lung carcinoma EMT, and the roles of dystroglycan and periostin in developmental EMT associated with gastrulation and palate fusion, respectively. Collectively, the issue presents the full spectrum of interest in EMT today.
Advances in Epithelial-mesenchymal Transitions
The concept of epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMT) has brought valuable insights to the study of complex processes involved in early embryo development, wound healing, carcinoma progression or kidney fibrosis. Major advances are reported in identifying new model systems, transcriptional regulators (including chromatin structure and microRNA), specific signaling pathways, and effector molecules. In this special issue, recent developments in the EMT field are reviewed, including the first localizations of Snail proteins in human cancers. Snail signaling and targets are carefully explored in several systems. Another emerging signaling pathway discussed involves TGF-beta. Several new concep...
Cellular and Phenotypic Plasticity in Cancer
The process of Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Transition (EMT) is known to result in a phenotype change in cells from a proliferative state to a more invasive state. EMT has been reported to drive the metastatic spread of various cancers and has also been associated with drug resistance to cytotoxics and targeted therapeutics. Recently phenotype switching akin to EMT has been reported in non-epithelial cancers such as metastatic melanoma. This process involves changes in EMT-Transcription Factors (EMT-TFs), suggesting that phenotype-switching may be common to several tumour types. It remains unclear as to whether the presence of both Epilthelial-like and Mesenchymal-like cells are a pre-requisite fo...
Breast Cancer
A comprehensive state-of-the-art summary of breast cancer research and treatment by leading authorities. The book's many distinguished contributors illuminate the biology and genetics of breast cancer, including what is known about the hereditary breast cancer genes, BRCA1 and 2, the cutting-edge cytogenic approaches, and the biology of breast cancer metastasis. In addition, the authors describe current and future methods of breast cancer treatment in depth, and discuss environment and diet as risk factors for the disease. Breast Cancer: Molecular Genetics, Pathogenesis, and Therapeutics constitutes an excellent reference and resource for all those clinical and experimental oncologists, as well as genetic counselors nurses, who need to understand the latest developments in breast cancer biology, risk, and treatment.
Bone Metastasis and Molecular Mechanisms
Patients with advanced breast or prostate cancers usually develop bone metastases. The principal complications resulting from metastatic bone disease are pain, spinal cord compression, pathologic fractures and bone marrow suppression. Improving the management of bone metastases is crucial to quality of life for patients with breast and prostate cancer. Advances in understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of bone metastasis are driving the development of new therapeutic strategies.
