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With the end of World War I, a new Republic of Poland emerged on the maps of Europe, made up of some of the territory from the first Polish Republic, including Wolyn and Wilno, and significant parts of Belarus, Upper Silesia, Eastern Galicia, and East Prussia. The resulting conglomeration of ethnic groups left many substantial minorities wanting independence. The approach of World War II provided the minorities' leaders a new opportunity in their nationalist movements, and many sided with one or the other of Poland's two enemies--the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany--in hopes of achieving their goals at the expense of Poland and its people. Based on primary and secondary sources in numerous languages (including Polish, German, Ukrainian, Belorussian, Russian and English), this work examines the roles of the ethnic minorities in the collapse of the Republic and in the atrocities that occurred under the occupying troops. The Polish government's response to mounting ethnic tensions in the prewar era and its conduct of the war effort are also examined.
The present volume grew out of a double session of the Boston Collo quium for the Philosophy of Science held in Boston on March 25, 1983. The papers presented there (by Biezunski, Glick, Goldberg, and Judith Goodstein!) offered both sufficient comparability to establish regulari ties in the reception of relativity and Einstein's impact in France, Spain, the United States and Italy, and sufficient contrast to suggest the salience of national inflections in the process. The interaction among the participants and the added perspectives offered by members of the audience suggested the interest of commissioning articles for a more inclusive volume which would cover as many national cases as we co...
The Spring Will Be Ours focuses on the turbulent half century from the outbreak of World War II in 1939, which started the chain of events that would lead to the communist takeover of Poland, to 1989, when futile attempts to reform the communist system gave way to its total transformation. Andrzej Paczkowski shows how the communists captured and consolidated power, describes their use of terror and propaganda, and illuminates the changes that took place within the governing elite. He also documents the political opposition to the regime - both inside Poland and abroad - that resulted in upheavals in 1956, 1968, 1970, 1976, and 1980. His narrative makes evident the pressures that the elite felt from above, from Moscow, and from below, from the population and from within the party. The history of Poland and the Poles is of special interest because on numerous occasions in the twentieth century this relatively small country influenced developments on a global scale.
During the occupation of Poland by Germany, the Nazis seized all publishing houses owned by Poles and Jews and began to publish newspapers and journals for the conquered population. While there have been several studies of the clandestine press in Poland, until now there have been no studies of the Nazi-run Polish press during this period. This book, based on primary sources and over 100 newspapers and journals, fills the gap by analyzing the organizational framework of the Nazi propaganda apparatus and thereby illuminating an important aspect of totalitarian control.
Volume V Part II of the comprehensive and authoritative Germany and the Second World War series spans the years 1942 to 1945, and looks in closely researched detail, and against a background of growing military setbacks and disasters leading to final defeat, at the administration and ruthless exploitation of the occupied countries and of Germany's own allies, and the effect on their populations (in particular their Jews, Roma, and Sinti) and national economies. This comprehensive study of the meteoric rise to prominence of Hitler's crown prince Albert Speer, and his struggle to implement a 'total war' armaments policy in the face of opposition from the Party's Gauleiters and political rivals in the Nazi leadership, documents with a wealth of maps, diagrams, and tables the achievements of the arms drive he masterminded; a large part of this success is shown to have relied on the forced or slave labour of those under German domination. The conflicting claims of industry and the Wehrmacht for dwindling manpower resources are also considered.
Reveals the harrowing story of life in Warsaw under Nazi occupation and explores resistance to the regime by the Warsaw intelligentsia.
Jeden z archiwalnych numerów "Uranii". "Urania" jest czasopismem popularnonaukowym o astronomii i badaniach kosmosu, jednym z najstarszych na świecie. Współcześnie jest to elegancki i nowoczesny magazyn dla każdego, kogo interesują tajemnice Wszechświata. Wydawcami są obecnie Polskie Towarzystwo Astronomiczne (PTA) - organizacja skupiająca zawodowych astronomów oraz Polskie Towarzystwo Miłośników Astronomii (PTMA), którego członkami są pasjonaci kosmosu. Redakcja "Uranii" prowadzi też aktywnie obszerny portal internetowy: www.urania.edu.pl "Urania" na Facebooku: www.facebook.com/UraniaPA Pełne cyfrowe archiwum Uranii w formatach PDF i DjVu: www.urania.edu.pl/archiwum * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * This is an archive issue of the "Urania" magazine - Polish popular science magazine about astronomy and space, one of the oldest in the world. Nowadays it is modern magazine for everyone who is interested in astronomy and the secrets of the Universe. You may also visit internet portal of Urania: www.urania.edu.pl "Urania" on Facebook: www.facebook.com/UraniaPA Full digital archive of "Urania" in PDF and DjVu: www.urania.edu.pl/archiwum
W aneksach wykazy : prywatnych szkół powszechnych (rok szkolny 1939/40), publicznych szkół powszechnych (na dzień 1.09.1939), państwowych, miejskich i prywatnych średnich szkół ogólnokształcących (żeńskie, męskie, dla młodzieży żydowskiej, tajne komplety szkół koedukacyjnych i tzw. luźnych - niepowiązanych ze szkołami przedwojennymi). Fot., m.in pomniki : TON (szkoła podstawowa nr 330), W Hołdzie Nauczycielom, Organizatorom i Uczestnikom Tajnego Nauczania 1939-1945 (Park Kazimierzowski).