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Formerly the viceregal capital of Spain's vast South American empire, Lima is today a sprawling metropolis struggling to cope with a population of eight million. Located on the coast between the Andean foothills and the Pacific Ocean, it is many cities in one, with an indigenous past, and old colonial heart the port of Callao, and turn-of-the-century quarters modelled on Paris. Leafy suburbs like San Isidro and tranquil seaside communities such as Barranco contrast with ever-expanding shantytowns. Lima has always dominated national life as the center of political and economic power. Long a stronghold of the European elite, the city is now home to millions of Peruvians from the Andean region as well as the descendans of African slaves and migrants from Europe, China and Japan. As a popular saying puts it, the whole of Peru is now in Lima. James Higgins explores the city's history and evolving identity as reflected in its architecture, literature, painting, and music. Tracing its trajectory from colonial enclave to modern metropolis, he reveals how the capital now embodies the diversity and dynamism of Peru itself.
This open access book assesses the prospects of (re)adopting organization as a pivotal concept in biology. It shows how organization can nourish biological thinking and practice, by reconnecting with the idea of biology as the science of organized systems. The book provides a comprehensive state-of-the-art picture of the characterizations and uses of the concept of organization in both biological science and philosophy of biology. It also deals with a variety of themes – including evolution, organogenesis, heredity, cognition and ecology – with respect to which the concept of organization can guide the elaboration of original models and new experimental protocols. It will be of interest to biologists and scholars working in philosophy of science alike.
"Corruption vulnerabilities exist where government officials have power over the provision of goods and the imposition of costs. Building permits and infrastructure contracts are examples of state-issued goods. Traffic tickets and tax liabilities are examples of costs levied by the state. These and other corruption vulnerabilities turn to actual threats when officials calculate that the benefits of abusing their power are greater than the penalties associated with getting caught. By a similar logic, the formula for corruption control requires increasing the probability of detecting corruption (that is, of activating the eye) through enhanced monitoring and then credibly threatening to apply ...
In this comprehensive desk reference, a variety of bioactives and therapeutics from the legume family (Fabaceae or Leguminosae) are thoroughly detailed. For each species included in the volume, a brief introduction is given, the plant’s bioactive compounds are listed, and its chemical structures shown, followed by their pharmacological activities. Many of these plants have medicinal activities that include antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective and cardioprotective. The biochemical characteristics of the 37 plants included, such as the type of starch, protein, and fibers, can be exploited as binders, excipients, thickeners, and dispersants in the formulation of various products in the pharmaceutical industry. The published literature on the pharmacological activities on each species is reviewed and presented in a concise and clear manner. This will be an important source book for pharmaceutical researchers, scientists, and others in development of new drugs.
This new 2-volume set offers a comprehensive review of more than 80 medicinal plant species, providing information on the bioactives and pharmacology of these beneficial plants. It describes the structures of the secondary metabolites found in these plants, the functions of these compounds in human and plant biology, and the biosynthesis of these compounds. Each chapter begins with a brief introduction about the species. The chapters then delve into the bioactive phytochemicals from the plant along with its chemical structure. The published literature on pharmacological activities on that species is comprehensively reviewed. A wide array of the biological activities and potential health benefits of the medicinal plant (which include antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic properties as well as protective effects on liver, kidney, heart and nervous system) are given. Phytochemical Composition and Pharmacy of Medicinal Plants aims to be valuable source book for scientists, researchers, industry professionals, faculty and students for the development of new and effective drugs from medicinal plants.
This book contains information on recent advances in aetiology and pathogenesis of idiopathic scoliosis, for the assessment of this condition before treatment and during the follow-up, making a note of emerging technology and analytical techniques like virtual anatomy by 3-D MRI/CT, quantitative MRI and Moire Topography. Some new trends in conservative treatment and the long term outcome and complications of surgical treatment are described. Issues like health related quality of life, psychological aspects of scoliosis treatment and the very important "patient's perspective" are also discussed. Finally two chapters tapping the untreated early onset scoliosis and the congenital kyphoscoliosis due to hemivertebra are included. It must be emphasized that knowledgeable authors with their contributions share their experience and enthusiasm with peers interested in scoliosis.
This 2-volume book set, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Medicinal Plants, introduces and provides extensive coverage of 79 important medicinal plant species. Each chapter, written by noted experts in the field, focuses on one important medicinal plant, giving a brief introduction about the species and then delving into the plant’s bioactive phytochemicals along with its chemical structures and pharmacological activities. A wide array of biological activities and potential health benefits of the medicinal plant—which includes antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic properties as well as protective effects on liver, kidney, heart and nervous system—are given. An extensive collection of research literature on pharmacological activities on that species is reviewed. This volume, published under the AAP Focus on Medicinal Plants book series, edited by the accomplished editor, T. Pullaiah, who has taught, researched, written, and published on medicinal plants for over 35 years, will be an important reference resource for years to come for both new and experienced medicinal researchers.