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Noise abatement is the key problem of small-scaled circuit design. New computational paradigms are needed -- as these circuits shrink, they become very vulnerable to noise and soft errors. In this lecture, we present a probabilistic computation framework for improving the resiliency of logic gates and circuits under random conditions induced by voltage or current fluctuation. Among many probabilistic techniques for modeling such devices, only a few models satisfy the requirements of efficient hardware implementation -- specifically, Boltzman machines and Markov Random Field (MRF) models. These models have similar built-in noise-immunity characteristics based on feedback mechanisms. In probab...
This book is concerned with circuit simulation using National Instruments Multisim. It focuses on the use and comprehension of the working techniques for electrical and electronic circuit simulation. The first chapters are devoted to basic circuit analysis. It starts by describing in detail how to perform a DC analysis using only resistors and independent and controlled sources. Then, it introduces capacitors and inductors to make a transient analysis. In the case of transient analysis, it is possible to have an initial condition either in the capacitor voltage or in the inductor current, or both. Fourier analysis is discussed in the context of transient analysis. Next, we make a treatment o...
This comprehensive book provides detailed materials for both novice and experienced programmers using all BeagleBone variants which host a powerful 32-bit, super-scalar TI Sitara ARM Cortex A8 processor. Authored by Steven F. Barrett and Jason Kridner, a seasoned ECE educator along with the founder of Beagleboard.org, respectively, the work may be used in a wide variety of projects from science fair projects to university courses and senior design projects to first prototypes of very complex systems. Beginners may access the power of the "Bone" through the user-friendly Bonescript examples. Seasoned users may take full advantage of the Bone's power using the underlying Linux-based operating system, a host of feature extension boards (Capes) and a wide variety of Linux community open source libraries. The book contains background theory on system operation coupled with many well-documented, illustrative examples. Examples for novice users are centered on motivational, fun robot projects while advanced projects follow the theme of assistive technology and image processing applications.
Multisim is now the de facto standard for circuit simulation. It is a SPICE-based circuit simulator which combines analog, discrete-time, and mixed-mode circuits. In addition, it is the only simulator which incorporates microcontroller simulation in the same environment. It also includes a tool for printed circuit board design. Advanced Circuit Simulation Using Multisim Workbench is a companion book to Circuit Analysis Using Multisim, published by Morgan & Claypool in 2011. This new book covers advanced analyses and the creation of models and subcircuits. It also includes coverage of transmission lines, the special elements which are used to connect components in PCBs and integrated circuits. Finally, it includes a description of Ultiboard, the tool for PCB creation from a circuit description in Multisim. Both books completely cover most of the important features available for a successful circuit simulation with Multisim. Table of Contents: Models and Subcircuits / Transmission Lines / Other Types of Analyses / Simulating Microcontrollers / PCB Design With Ultiboard
This Book, Oscillators and Advanced Electronics Topics, is the final book of a larger, four-book set, Fundamentals of Electronics. It consists of five chapters that further develop practical electronic applications based on the fundamental principles developed in the first three books. This book begins by extending the principles of electronic feedback circuits to linear oscillator circuits. The second chapter explores non-linear oscillation, waveform generation, and waveshaping. The third chapter focuses on providing clean, reliable power for electronic applications where voltage regulation and transient suppression are the focus. Fundamentals of communication circuitry form the basis for t...
This book, Electronic Devices and Circuit Application, is the first of four books of a larger work, Fundamentals of Electronics. It is comprised of four chapters describing the basic operation of each of the four fundamental building blocks of modern electronics: operational amplifiers, semiconductor diodes, bipolar junction transistors, and field effect transistors. Attention is focused on the reader obtaining a clear understanding of each of the devices when it is operated in equilibrium. Ideas fundamental to the study of electronic circuits are also developed in the book at a basic level to lessen the possibility of misunderstandings at a higher level. The difference between linear and no...
This book, Active Filters and Amplifier Frequency Response, is the third of four books of a larger work, Fundamentals of Electronics. It is comprised of three chapters that describe the frequency dependent response of electronic circuits. This book begins with an extensive tutorial on creating and using Bode Diagrams that leads to the modeling and design of active filters using operational amplifiers. The second chapter starts by focusing on bypass and coupling capacitors and, after introducing high-frequency modeling of bipolar and field-effect transistors, extensively develops the high- and low-frequency response of a variety of common electronic amplifiers. The final chapter expands the f...
A zero-suppressed decision diagram (ZDD) is a data structure to represent objects that typically contain many zeros. Applications include combinatorial problems, such as graphs, circuits, faults, and data mining. This book consists of four chapters on the applications of ZDDs. The first chapter by Alan Mishchenko introduces the ZDD. It compares ZDDs to BDDs, showing why a more compact representation is usually achieved in a ZDD. The focus is on sets of subsets and on sum-of-products (SOP) expressions. Methods to generate all the prime implicants (PIs), and to generate irredundant SOPs are shown. A list of papers on the applications of ZDDs is also presented. In the appendix, ZDD procedures i...
Compared to binary switching functions, the multiple-valued functions (MV) offer more compact representations of the information content of signals modeled by logic functions and, therefore, their use fits very well in the general settings of data compression attempts and approaches. The first task in dealing with such signals is to provide mathematical methods for their representation in a way that will make their application in practice feasible. Representation of Multiple-Valued Logic Functions is aimed at providing an accessible introduction to these mathematical techniques that are necessary for application of related implementation methods and tools. This book presents in a uniform way...
This book, Amplifiers: Analysis and Design, is the second of four books of a larger work, Fundamentals of Electronics. It is comprised of four chapters that describe the fundamentals of amplifier performance. Beginning with a review of two-port analysis, the first chapter introduces the modeling of the response of transistors to AC signals. Basic one-transistor amplifiers are extensively discussed. The next chapter expands the discussion to multiple transistor amplifiers. The coverage of simple amplifiers is concluded with a chapter that examines power amplifiers. This discussion defines the limits of small-signal analysis and explores the realm where these simplifying assumptions are no lon...