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In this special issue, the most recent advances in the domain of numerical cognition will be presented. During the last decades, our understanding of how numbers are processed increased dramatically with the arrival of different imaging techniques and neurophysiological experiments in humans and monkeys. We are now starting to build up a clearer picture of how numbers are represented in the brain, how this representation develops in the course of a lifetime, how numbers are embedded in other cognitive features like attention, spatial memory, etc., and how this eventually leads to our capability to perform complex mathematics. Ultimately, this accumulation of knowledge might provide us with a...
Research on self-control in both philosophy and psychology is thriving. Yet, despite a wealth of recent philosophical work on the exercise of self-control, there has been surprisingly little empirically informed work in philosophy on self-control as a psychological trait. This book aims to fill this gap. There is abundant evidence that self-control is beneficial both to those who have it and to the societies in which they live. This book shows that the neo-Aristotelian framework for understanding self-control-related traits, which has dominated both philosophy and the sciences, is psychologically unrealistic and should be replaced. The traditional conceptions of temperance and continence nee...
Historically, cognitive sciences have considered selective attention and working memory as largely separated cognitive functions. That is, selective attention as a concept is typically reserved for the processes that allow for the prioritization of specific sensory input, while working memory entails more central structures for maintaining (and operating on) temporary mental representations. However, over the last decades various observations have been reported that question such sharp distinction. Most importantly, information stored in working memory has been shown to modulate selective attention processing – and vice versa. At the theoretical level, these observations are paralleled by ...
The aim of this Research Topic is to discuss the state of the art on the use of Information-based methods in the analysis of neuroimaging data. Information-based methods, typically built as extensions of the Shannon Entropy, are at the basis of model-free approaches which, being based on probability distributions rather than on specific expectations, can account for all possible non-linearities present in the data in a model-independent fashion. Mutual Information-like methods can also be applied on interacting dynamical variables described by time-series, thus addressing the uncertainty reduction (or information) in one variable by conditioning on another set of variables. In the last years...
The goal of this collective monograph is to explore the relationship between the cognitive notion of number and various grammatical devices expressing this concept in natural language with a special focus on Slavic. The book aims at investigating different morphosyntactic and semantic categories including plurality and number-marking, individuation and countability, cumulativity, distributivity and collectivity, numerals, numeral modifiers and classifiers, as well as other quantifiers. It gathers 19 contributions tackling the main themes from different theoretical and methodological perspectives in order to contribute to our understanding of cross-linguistic patterns both in Slavic and non-Slavic languages.
Our ability to attribute mental states to others ("to mentalize") has been the subject of philosophical and psychological studies for a very long time, yet the role of language acquisition in the development of our mentalizing abilities has been largely understudied. This book addresses this gap in the philosophical literature. The book presents an account of how false belief reasoning is impacted by language acquisition, and it does so by placing it in the larger context of the issue, how language impacts cognition in general. The work provides the reader with detailed and critical literature reviews, and draws on them to argue that language acquisition helps false belief reasoning by boosting the ability to create schemata that facilitate processing of information in some social contexts. According to this framework, it is a combination of syntactic clues and cultural narratives that helps the child to solve the classic false belief task. The book provides a novel, original account of how language helps false belief reasoning, while also giving the reader a broad, precise and well-documented picture of the debate around some of the most fundamental issues in social cognition.
"Stanislas Dehaene oferece um roteiro delicioso para explicar um dos maiores mistérios do mundo. Ele vê um horizonte ilimitado para a neurociência e demonstra o quão fascinante seu campo pode ser em seu livro fantástico sobre a consciência. É inteligente, completo e claro." - Washington Post "Nos últimos anos, livros sobre a consciência se tornaram comuns, com cada pesquisador sentindo a necessidade de participar do debate. No entanto, Stanislas Dehaene é um dos poucos especialistas de ponta nas áreas envolvidas – filosofia, história, psicologia cognitiva, imagem cerebral, modelagem computacional – a trazer algo realmente novo." - New Scientist "Brilhante. A contribuição es...
This study of the ways in which Flemish painting between 1550 and 1650 reflected the burgeoning capitalism of Antwerp, focuses not only on the market-scene paintings, but also on the interaction between painters and markets as it was influenced by merchants, governments and consumers.
Dit nieuwe Handboek Personenbelasting is een leidraad door de complexe materie heen die de Belgische personenbelasting vandaag geworden is. Het naslagwerk richt zich op de eerste plaats tot de professional die zich toelegt op het invullen van de aangifte in de personenbelasting en het oplossen van concrete knelpunten ter zake. Het werk is stevig onderbouwd. Niet enkel door de haast 1.400 voetnoten met nauwkeurige referenties. Voortdurend een evenwicht indachtig tussen volledigheid en praktijk, werden relevante parlementaire vragen, rechtspraak en rulings, wetswijzigingen en circulaires met hun precieze inwerkingtreding in het naslagwerk verwerkt. Steeds meer duiken immers interpretatievragen...
Het Handboek Personenbelasting is een leidraad door de complexe materie heen van de Belgische personenbelasting. Het naslagwerk richt zich op de eerste plaats tot de professional die zich toelegt op het invullen van de aangifte in de personenbelasting en het oplossen van concrete knelpunten ter zake. Het werk is stevig onderbouwd. Voortdurend een evenwicht indachtig tussen volledigheid en praktijk, worden relevante parlementaire vragen, rechtspraak en rulings, verwijzingen naar beschikbare online hulpbronnen, wetswijzigingen en circulaires in het naslagwerk verwerkt. Zorgvuldige aandacht wordt besteed aan de bronvermelding: met concrete referenties wordt bijkomend opzoekingswerk waar nodig v...