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Operation Agreement was launched by the Allies in World War II on the night of September 13-14th, 1942 to hit Axis Air Force bases and depots in North Africa. It was part of a more complex series of other operations, called “Big Party”, intended to cause havoc, panic, disruption and destruction of the Axis logistic organizations, by means of in-depth actions by spoilers, destined to act against airports, logistic centers and the land communication lines of Cyrenaica, between Tobruk and Benghazi. Of all these missions, the most important was Operation “Daffodil”, which involved an attack from the sea on Tobruk, coordinated with the action of a mobile land column coming from the desert on trucks. The enterprise was a real failure and resulted in a crushing defeat of the British and their allies.
The night bombardment of Bari on December 2nd, 1943 was a dramatic action carried out at low altitude by Luftwaffe aircraft, with the aim of attacking the transport ships of an important convoy that was in the port under unloading in the docks, and that had been reported in the morning by the German air reconnaissance. Bari had been reached by British troops on September 11th following the events of Italy’s surrender, and most of the supplies that flowed there were destined for General Montgomery’s 8th Army, and for the US Air Force whose heavy bombers of the 15th Air Force had installed themselves in the airports of Puglia, in particular Foggia, to beat German targets in Germany and the...
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In the run-up to the landing in Sicily on 10 July 1943, code-named Operation ‘Husky’, during the spring of that year the British Intelligence Commands implemented very elaborate measures to confuse the enemy as to the date and destination of the attack. Among other things, in the hope of delaying German reinforcements to Sicily, to reduce the air threat to their invasion convoys and to keep the main naval forces, battleships and cruisers, away from the area of Sicily, false information was artfully provided through agents in neutral nations, such as Portugal and Spain. From the General Staff of the Italian Armed Forces and the German Commands in Italy, the Allied landing operation in Sic...
The battle also known as the Battle of Skerki Bank took place on December 2, 1942, in the Mediterranean Sea near the Tunisian coast. An Italian merchant convoy, escorted by several Royal Navy warships and bound for Libya to resupply Axis troops in North Africa, was attacked by a Royal Navy naval squadron. The Italian convoy consisted of a German steamer, and several Italian motor ships. The British attack squadron in the battle sank the entire convoy-as well as the destroyer Folgore that was part of the escort-without sustaining any immediate damage. The battle was initiated by the Italian commander, Captain Aldo Cocchia, embarked on the Nicoloso da Recco, a Navigatori-class destroyer, who o...
In the run-up to the landing in Sicily on 10 July 1943, code-named Operation 'Husky', during the spring of that year the British Intelligence Commands implemented very elaborate measures to confuse the enemy as to the date and destination of the attack. Among other things, in the hope of delaying German reinforcements to Sicily, to reduce the air threat to their invasion convoys and to keep the main naval forces, battleships and cruisers, away from the area of Sicily, false information was artfully provided through agents in neutral nations, such as Portugal and Spain. From the General Staff of the Italian Armed Forces and the German Commands in Italy, the Allied landing operation in Sicily ...
The Luftwaffe and the War at Sea is a collection of fascinating accounts written by German military officers – both Kriegsmarine and Luftwaffe – about the naval war in the air in the North Atlantic and around Great Britain. Most of the documents were written immediately post-war as part of the Allied debriefing programme. However, some are wartime German originals produced for internal use by military staff, but all have the value of immediacy; they were written when memories were fresh and, in many cases, by those who were directly caught up in the action. These men were personally involved in all aspects of the German attempts to control the seas through maritime power, from the use of...
This superbly researched book gives a complete account of the war in the Mediterranean on, above and beneath the sea up until Italy's armistice in September 1943. Written with full access to Italian sources, it not only provides a detailed and fascinating narrative of the entire naval war, but also sets the individual actions fully in their strategic context for both the Axis and the Allies. Topics include: • The complex and distrustful relationship between the Italians and their German allies which culminated in open conflict after the Italian armistice in 1943. • The battle for Malta, and that island's vital strategic role threatening Axis supply lines to North Africa. • The exploits of the Italian human torpedoes of the X MAS flotilla, which threatened to change the balance of power in the Mediterranean. This book is essential reading for all those interested in one of the major naval theaters of the Second World War.
The book explores the philosophical thinking of Petrarch and Boccaccio in contrast to the writings of contemporary mendicants. Examining both Latin and vernacular works, it investigates how these humanists poetically express the temporal, subjective, and emotional quality of moral sensibility, in a way that shifts to the reader the weight of discerning the ethical message. The book centers its analysis on a series of paradoxes pondered by these humanists: the self that changes yet persists over time; the awareness of self-deception; the individual's validation of authority; and the ethics of pleasure. This study is valuable to those interested in Renaissance philosophy, literature, religion, and the history of ideas.