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This open access volume analyses the development of democracy at different levels of governance (from local to global). The Basque search for an institutional and democratic model that adapts to its social needs and solves its problems offers an interesting perspective for analyzing the way in which democracy is seeking new forms of materialization from the local to the global. The volume is divided into four parts. The chapters in Part I analyze the tensions between the neoliberal vision of democracy and the voices contesting it, with projections at different levels of government. The chapters in Part II focus on the emerging framework and scales of Western democracy. The chapters in Part I...
This book examines the major economic challenges associated with the sustainability of public pensions, specifically demographic change, labor-market relations, and risk sharing. The issue of public pensions occupies the political and economic agendas of many major governments in the world. International organizations such as the World Bank and the OECD warn that the economic changes driven by an aging society negatively affects the sustainability of pension systems. This book analyzes different global public pension systems to offer policies, methods and tools for sustainable public pensions. Real case studies from France, Sweden, Latin America, Algeria, USA and Mexico are featured.
City Maps Gasteiz - Vitoria Spain is an easy to use small pocket book filled with all you need for your stay in the big city. Attractions, pubs, bars, restaurants, museums, convenience stores, clothing stores, shopping centers, marketplaces, police, emergency facilities are only some of the places you will find in this map. This collection of maps is up to date with the latest developments of the city as of 2017. We hope you let this map be part of yet another fun Gasteiz - Vitoria adventure :)
This book focuses on the political exile of Catholic Christian Democrats during the global twentieth century, from the end of the First World War to the end of the Cold War. Transcending the common national approach, the present volume puts transnational perspectives at center stage and in doing so aspires to be a genuinely global and longitudinal study. Political Exile in the Global Twentieth Century includes chapters on continental European exile in the United Kingdom and North America through 1945; on Spanish exile following the Civil War (1936–39), throughout the Franco dictatorship; on East-Central European exile from the defeat of Nazi Germany and the establishment of Communist rule (1944–48) through the end of the Cold War; and Latin American exile following the 1973 Chilean coup. Encompassing Europe (both East and West), Latin America, and the United States, Political Exile in the Global Twentieth Century places the diasporas of twentieth-century Christian Democracy within broader, global debates on political exile and migration.
This book traces the formation of ETA (Euskadi ta Askatasuna) and the tensions created by its combination and aims: socialism and Basque nationalism. The Basque Nationalist movement emerged in the late nineteenth century as a response to the rapid transformation of Basque society by industrialisation. The influx of Spanish-speaking workers to Basque territories seemed to threaten the stability of basque society. Gradually the immigrants became absorbed into the radical struggle, with the creation of illegal trade unions and the need to resist the Franco regimne by whatever means. Over the next half century Basque consicousness developed until the radical nationalist organisation ETA was formed in 1959.
«La filosofía política de Aguirre, Irujo y Landaburu, a pesar del tiempo transcurrido desde su fallecimiento, es de plena actualidad, especialmente por su constante defensa del derecho del pueblo vasco a decidir su propio futuro desde el consenso voluntario y libre de la ciudadanía. El presente libro, dedicado a acercar al lector -y ciudadano- de hoy el pensamiento de esos tres grandes políticos, tiene como destinatario la ciudadanía vasca en su conjunto. Sus páginas nos invitan a conocer aspectos importantes de la historia del pueblo vasco, pero, al mismo tiempo, ofrecen información y principios de gran utilidad para una nueva concepción del Estado español, basada en el máximo respeto a la voluntad e identidad de los pueblos que lo conforman». Juan José Ibarretxe
The confrontation between the Franco regime and Basque nationalists produced a series of political assassinations, trials, and reprisals. This historical study presents a vivid account of a century of ferment to establish an independent Basque country. It recounts the way that nationalism became a political force within Basque culture and how that movement subsequently splintered into numerous groups with diverse ideologies, tactics, and goals.
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