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The parasitic disease leishmaniasis in its various clinical manifestations from self-resolving skin lesion to deadly systemic infection is a serious health problem in many developing countries and is considered to be a neglected tropical disease by the World Health Organization. To date, a vaccine is lacking and strategies to treat severe forms of leishmaniasis efficiently are missing. Basic research using animal models of experimental visceral or cutaneous leishmaniasis has allowed to dissect the immune response to parasitic pathogens and has contributed substantially to many important, paradigm-changing insights such as the role of cytokines in helper T-cell differentiation and the impact ...
Georges Köhler was one of the most prominent German scientists of recent history. In 1984, at an age of 38, he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, together with N.K. Jerne and C. Milstein, for inventing the technique for generating monoclonal antibodies. This method and its subsequent applications had an enormous impact on basic research, medicine and the biotech industry. In the same year, Köhler became one of the directors of the Max-Planck-Institute of Immunobiology in Freiburg; his unfortunate premature death in 1995 set an end to his extraordinary career. Prof. Klaus Eichmann, who had invited Köhler to become his codirector, is one of the people who were closest to him. This scientific biography commemorates the 10th anniversary of Köhler's untimely death. Köhler's scientific achievements are explained in a way to make them understandable for the general public and discussed in the historical context of immunological research.
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The safety, effectiveness, and utility of medical nanorobotic devices will critically depend upon their biocompatibility with human organs, tissues, cells, and biochemical systems. In this Volume, we broaden the definition of nanomedical biocompatibility to include all of the mechanical, physiological, immunological, cytological, and biochemical re