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Societal Responsibility of Artificial Intelligence
The digital world is characterized by its immediacy, its density of information and its omnipresence, in contrast to the concrete world. Significant changes will occur in our society as AI becomes integrated into many aspects of our lives. This book focuses on this vision of universalization by dealing with the development and framework of AI applicable to all. It develops a moral framework based on a neo-Darwinian approach - the concept of Ethics by Evolution - to accompany AI by observing a certain number of requirements, recommendations and rules at each stage of design, implementation and use. The societal responsibility of artificial intelligence is an essential step towards ethical, eco-responsible and trustworthy AI, aiming to protect and serve people and the common good in a beneficial way.
Artificial Intelligence in Health
Undeniable, inescapable, exhilarating and breaking free from the exclusive domain of science, artificial intelligence has become our main preoccupation. A major generator of new mathematical thinking, AI is the result of easy access to information and data, as facilitated by computer technology. Big Data has come to be seen as an unlimited source of knowledge, the use of which is still being fully explored, but its industrialization has swiftly followed in the footsteps of mathematicians; today's tools are increasingly designed to replace human beings, which comes with social and philosophical consequences. Drawing on examples of scientific work and the insights of experts, this book offers food for thought on the consequences and future of AI technology in education, health, the workplace and aging.
New Territories in Health
The third volume in the Health Information set, New Territories in Health focuses on the multifaceted spheres of influence or territories in the field of health. This book includes nine contributions based on the analysis of stakeholder logics that approach the relationships between health and territories. The authors all specialists offer original insights, enhanced by in-depth studies, on the multiple forms that this territorialization takes: political and institutional, professional and organizational, public and media.
The Elasticity of Life
Elasticity is absolutely necessary for living a normal life. This fact is cruelly revealed when respiratory, cardiac, digestive, sensory, motor, reproductive or aesthetic problems appear following the inexorable decline of our elastic capital. The protection and maintenance of this capital is one of life’s priorities since this declination begins at the age of twenty and accelerates in times of crises and pandemics. However, there are no therapies yet designed to remedy it. The first part of the book explains the consequences surrounding a lack of elasticity in the skin, the most visible decline, and then other defects in elasticity throughout our bodies, exploring places rarely mentioned. The second part describes the research fighting against elasticity anomalies and examines useful behaviors to protect our elastic capital (e.g. our diets and physical and cognitive activities). This last point is at the heart of current social debates on nutritional, behavioral, environmental and even ethical levels.
Biomedical Devices and Sensors
Monitoring the human body is a key element of digital health science. Low-cost sensors derived from smartphones or smartwatches may give the impression that sensors are readily available; however, to date, very few of them are actually medical devices. Designing medical devices requires us to undertake a specific approach demanding special skills, as it concerns the integrity of the human body. The process is tightly framed by state regulations in order to ensure compliance with quality assessment, risk management and medical ethics requirements. This book aims to give biomedical students an overview on medical devices design. It firstly gives a historical and economical approach, then develops key elements in medical device design with reference to EU and US regulations, and finally describes sensors for the human body. The clinical approach is presented as the central element in medical device qualification and this offers a perspective on the use of numerical simulation, particularly since its continued growth in the USA; despite the fact that the approach is strictly limited by regulations.
Therapeutic Progress in Oncology
The combined effects of population growth and aging have led to an increase in the number of cancers. Preventing, diagnosing, treating and curing cancer are therefore, more than ever, imperatives facing medicine especially to continue the decrease in cancers mortality rates and to improve the quality of survival. Over time, the classic modes of treatment (surgery, external beam radiotherapy, chemotherapy) have become more refined and efficient. From the beginning of this century, new therapeutic options have been developed: targeted cancer therapy, targeted radionuclide therapy and immunologic therapies based on monoclonal antibodies, cellular therapy and vaccinations. Artificial intelligence and machine learning are also being introduced to the field of oncology. Starting with the basic scientific principles relevant to oncology, this book explains and makes these concepts and innovations accessible to a wide audience especially in the interest of patients. It also contributes to the oncological field of 4P medicine with 4P standing for predictive, preventive, personalized and participative.
Health Research Practices in a Digital Context
The current “generalized digitization” of society is influencing the health environment, healthcare organizations as well as actors. In this context, human and social sciences deconstruct, nuance and sometimes even challenge certain preconceived ideas and/or dominant discourses. In this book, researchers of four nationalities and three different disciplines have agreed to open the “black box” of their work. They display their scientific practices from the perspective of epistemology, ethics and methodology. They present and analyze their values and postulates but, also, what may have influenced the project, the definition of the object and objectives, as well as their approaches. In ...
Cancers, vers une révolution thérapeutique ?
Par les effets conjugués de la croissance de la population mondiale et de son vieillissement, on constate une augmentation du nombre de cancers. Prévenir, diagnostiquer, traiter et guérir le cancer est ainsi devenu un impératif pour la médecine. Au-delà des modes « classiques » de traitements (chirurgies, radiothérapies externes, chimiothérapies) qui ont gagné en précision et en efficacité, apparaissent de nouvelles options thérapeutiques : thérapies ciblées, radiothérapies internes, immunothérapies avec anticorps monoclonaux, thérapies cellulaires et vaccins. L’intelligence artificielle et l’apprentissage automatique commencent aussi à investir le domaine de la cancérologie. Cet ouvrage cherche à expliquer et à rendre accessible, notamment à l’intention des patients, l’ensemble de ces concepts et innovations, en partant des fondements scientifiques qui les régissent. Il souhaite contribuer à la dimension oncologique de la médecine 4P qui s’annonce : prédictive, préventive, personnalisée et participative.
