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Mars 1793 : poussé à bout par la persécution religieuse, les bouleversements politiques et la décision parisienne d'enrôler trois cent mille jeunes gens pour la guerre révolutionnaire, l'Ouest de la France se soulève. Les insurgés du pays de Retz et du Marais breton portent à leur tête un ancien officier de marine, François-Athanase Charette de la Contrie. Seul parmi tous les généraux vendéens et chouans, Charette osera employer les mêmes méthodes que l'adversaire, et répondre à la violence par la violence - ce qui ternira son image... Mais séduisant, héroïque, doué d'un sens aigu de la stratégie, fidèle envers et contre tout, jusqu'à la mort, à la cause qu'il a choisi de défendre, Charette finit par incarner l'âme même de la Vendée. Lorsque, fait prisonnier au terme d'une traque impitoyable, il est fusillé à Nantes le 29 mars 1796, à l'âge de trente-trois ans, c'est la guerre de Vendée qui s'achève avec lui. Au-delà de la légende, Anne Bernet s'attache à faire revivre l'une des personnalités les plus célèbres et pourtant les moins connues de la contre-Révolution. C'est une figure singulièrement libre et moderne qui apparaît ici.
This study of mathematical instrumentation in the Mamluk world contains the edition and translation of a unique, richly-illustrated treatise, and provides a fascinating historical account of several instrument models that were thus far unknown or inadequately documented.
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The large masonry instruments designed by Sawai Jai Singh and erected in his five observatories in the early eighteenth century mark the culmination of a long process of development in astronomical instrumentation. But what kind of astronomical instruments were used in India before Jai Singh's time? Sanskrit texts on astronomy describe the construction and use of several types of instruments. Are any of these extant in museums? Such questions led me to an exploration of nearly a hundred museums and private collections in India, Europe and USA for about a quarter century. The present catalogue is the outcome of this exploration. This catalogue describes each instrument in the context of the r...
In this volume all extant celestial maps and globes made before 1500 are described and analysed. It also discusses the astronomical sources involved in making these artefacts in antiquity, the Middle Ages, the Islamic world and the European Renaissance before 1500.
In On Both Sides of the Strait of Gibraltar Julio Samsó shows that astronomical sources, written in al-Andalus, the Maghrib and the Iberian Peninsula, belong to the same tradition and emphasizes the role of al-Andalus and the Iberian Peninsula in the transmission of Islamic astronomy to medieval Europe.
Two remarkable Iranian world-maps were discovered in 1989 and 1995. Both are made of brass and date from 17th-century Iran. Mecca is at the centre and a highly sophisticated longitude and latitude grid enables the user to determine the direction and distance to Mecca for anywhere in the world between Andalusia and China. Prior to the discovery of these maps it was thought that such cartographic grids were conceived in Europe ca. 1910. This richly-illustrated book presents an overview of the ways in which Muslims over the centuries have determined the sacred direction towards Mecca (qibla) and then describes the two world-maps in detail. The author shows that the geographical data derives from a 15th-century Central Asian source and that the mathematics underlying the grid was developed in 9th-century Baghdad.
This handbook explores the history of mathematics, addressing what mathematics has been and what it has meant to practise it. 36 self-contained chapters provide a fascinating overview of 5000 years of mathematics and its key cultures for academics in mathematics, historians of science, and general historians.
This Variorum volume reprints ten papers on contextual elements of the so-called ancient sciences in Islamicate societies between the thirteenth and the seventeenth centuries. They address four major themes: the ancient sciences in educational institutions; courtly patronage of science; the role of the astral and other sciences in the Mamluk sultanate; and narratives about knowledge. The main arguments are directed against the then dominant historiographical claims about the exclusion of the ancient sciences from the madrasa and cognate educational institutes, the suppression of philosophy and other ancient sciences in Damascus after 1229, the limited role of the new experts for timekeeping ...
Reprint of the original, first published in 1874.