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Aspergillus fumigatus is a human fungal pathogen that causes invasive aspergillosis (IA), a major infectious cause of death in the expanding population of immunocompromised individuals such as cancer patients and transplant recipients. The mortality of IA remains high (30-70%) and emerging resistance to triazoles, the first-line antifungal drug class, is of particular concern. Second-line therapies for IA are limited by their toxicity (polyenes) or their lack of fungicidal activity (echinocandins). Identification of novel antifungal targets is an urgent need for improving the outcome of IA. A. fumigatus is a filamentous fungus exhibiting a complex developmental cycle and elaborate mechanisms...
Acute respiratory infections are responsible for an estimated 4 million deaths annually worldwide, and are the leading cause of death in children younger than 5 years. Over 1 million people in the United States are hospitalized each year with pneumonia. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infects one third of world’s population. There are more than 1 million tuberculosis-related deaths worldwide each year. Emerging resistance to multiple available antimicrobial agents has hampered the ability to treat tuberculosis and hospital-acquired respiratory infections. The laboratory diagnosis of respiratory infections is an important part of patient management and treatment. In addition to culture isolation...
This new edition of Antifungal Therapy aims at providing concise, practical, need-to-know information for busy physicians dealing with fungal infections, such as infectious disease physicians, transplant surgeons, dermatologists, and intensivists, as well as basic scientists and pharmaceutical company researchers interested in the state of antifungal therapy. It provides a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of the pertinent issues pertaining to antifungal treatment including the basics of clinical mycology, management insights for various infections, evidence-based treatment recommendations, and helpful tables summarizing currently available pharmacokinetics data. Key Features • Features useful information on administration, dosage and pharmacology of antifungal drugs that can be difficult to use in clinical practice • Contains common Clinical Questions & Answers to highlight frequently encountered patient issues • Covers clinical mycology essentials in addition to antifungal treatment to create a well-rounded reference • Presents illustrations and clinical photos in full color to elucidate the concepts • Provides detailed evidence of treatment recommendations
A thorough understanding of pathogenic microorganisms and their interactions with host organisms is crucial to prevent infectious threats due to the fact that Pathogen-Host Interactions (PHIs) have critical roles in initiating and sustaining infections. Therefore, the analysis of infection mechanisms through PHIs is indispensable to identify diagnostic biomarkers and next-generation drug targets and then to develop strategic novel solutions against drug-resistance and for personalized therapy. Traditional approaches are limited in capturing mechanisms of infection since they investigate hosts or pathogens individually. On the other hand, the systems biology approach focuses on the whole PHI ...
This book provides up-to-date information on immunogenetics of fungal diseases in the context of primary and acquired immunodeficiencies. Different aspects of this emerging field are covered, including epidemiology of fungal diseases, innate and adaptive antifungal immunity, and the role of immunogenetics in defining susceptibility to fungal diseases in primary (CMC, CGD, etc.) immunodeficiencies and hematologic patients. The available information will also be discussed in the scope of new biomarker discovery and development of immunotherapeutic approaches for personalized diagnostics and therapy. The book addresses Professors, researchers and advanced students of Medicine, Immunology, Microbiology and Genetics.
This book provides a thorough update on the management of infections in patients with hematologic malignancies, focusing particularly on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Detailed attention is devoted to the central roles that vaccination and anti-infective prophylaxis have gained in improving overall survival in this patient group, in accordance with the principle that prevention is better than cure. Careful consideration is also paid to risk stratification, which is crucial in ensuring that anti-infective prophylaxis is targeted to those at the highest risk. While preventive strategies reduce the prevalence of infections, optimized management strategies are vital to decrease infection-related morbidity and mortality in those who nevertheless develop infections. Here, readers will find in-depth, up-to-date knowledge on the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic infections, according to the affected organ and the causative pathogen. Finally, treatment in intensive care units is reviewed. The book will be of high value for hematologists, oncologists, and infection specialists.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) is a major human pathogen that causes both upper and lower respiratory infections, and is one of the leading causes of community acquired pneumonia (CAP), accounting for 11–15% of CAP throughout the world. Additionally it is known to induce an inflammatory process which depends on several mechanisms such as virulence of Mp (lipoproteins, community acquired respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS) toxin, oxidative products) and host defenses (cellular immunity and humoral immunity). Although it is a common pathogen, the pathogenesis for Mp infections is not yet fully understood. From the clinical point of view, since the pioneer studies in the 1960s and 1970s on the ...