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Over the last twenty years research on the Reformation in Germany has shifted both chronologically and thematically toward an interest in the ’long’ or ’delayed’ Reformations, and the structure and operation of the Holy Roman Empire. Whilst this focus has resulted in many fascinating new insights, it has also led to the relative neglect of the early Reformation movement. Put together with the explicit purpose of encouraging scholars to reengage with the early ’storm years’ of the German Reformation, this collection of eleven essays by Tom Scott, explores several issues in the historiography of the early Reformation which have not been adequately addressed. The debate over the nat...
Programmed cell death (PCD) is central in maintaining the life of multicellular organisms, during development as well as in healthy adulthood or in the context of disease. The best understood form of PCD is apoptosis, a caspase mediated, immunologically silent cell death that can be initiated in probably all cell types upon aging, lack of growth support, critical damage or infection. One of the key pathways of apoptosis involves mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), a process tightly regulated by members of the BCL-2 family. Whereas PCD and apoptosis were used synonymously in the past, other forms of PCD have been discovered more recently, including RIPK1/3- and MLKL-dependen...
Incunabula of the Low Countries (ILC) is a census of fifteenth-century books printed in the area of the present-day Netherlands and Belgium. It lists 2,229 editions in more than 14,300 copies preserved in hundreds of libraries, museums, and archives all over the world, but mainly in Europe and the USA. The entries for this census have been derived from the Incunabula Short Title Catalogue (ISTC), the database of incunabula compiled at the British Library. They combine research on Low Countries incunabula carried out by Gerard van Thienen, curator at the Koninklijke Bibliotheek in The Hague, with data assembled by ISTC form other sources. ISTC entries were further edited, indexed and prepared for publication by John Goldfinch at the British Library. Campbell's Annales of 1874, the first bibliography of incunabula printed in the Low Countries with 1794 entries, was followed by a number of supplements of increasing complexity, the most extensive being published by M.E. Kronenberg in 1956. All the former additions and emendations, together with additions not otherwise listed before are now brought together and included in one sequence in ILC.
"One of the central features of modern German criminology in revealing the 'true nature of crime' follows the tradition of enlightment" instead of accommodating the approach of the criminal justice system. This contention is made by the editors of Developments in Crime and Crime Control Research, Drs. Sessar and Kerner, as they continue to bridge the traditional gap between Anglo-American scholars in criminology and their German counterparts. The language barrier has long been another contributing circumstance to the division of philosophy among countries, but recently, substantial attempts are being undertaken to examine more closely the differences among specific criminological schools of thinking. Drs. Sessar and Kerner point out that, although crime has its universality, a clear understanding of the various approaches to the problem of crime will prove of benefit to those in the field in all countries.
The challenges facing General Dwight Eisenhower before the Invasion of Normandy were not merely military but political as well. He knew that to liberate France, and to hold it, the Allies needed local help, which would necessitate coordinating with the highly independent French resistance groups known collectively as the maquis. The Allies' objective was to push the Germans out of France. The French objective, on the other hand, was a France free of all foreign armies, including the Allies. President Roosevelt refused to give full support to Charles de Gaulle, whom he mistrusted, and declined to supply the timing, location, and other key details of Operation Overlord to his Free French gover...