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American Hegemony and the Postwar Reconstruction of Science in Europe
In 1945, the United States was not only the strongest economic and military power in the world; it was also the world's leader in science and technology. In American Hegemony and the Postwar Reconstruction of Science in Europe, John Krige describes the efforts of influential figures in the United States to model postwar scientific practices and institutions in Western Europe on those in America. They mobilized political and financial support to promote not just America's scientific and technological agendas in Western Europe but its Cold War political and ideological agendas as well. Drawing on the work of diplomatic and cultural historians, Krige argues that this attempt at scientific domin...
Neutrality in Twentieth-century Europe
Time and again scientists and other intellectuals have claimed their endeavors to be neutral, elevated above the world of partisan conflict and power politics. This volume studies the resonances between neutrality in science and culture and neutrality in politics. By analyzing the activities of scientists, intellectuals, and politicians (sometimes overlapping categories) of mostly neutral nations in the First World War and after, it traces how an ideology of neutralism was developed that soon was embraced by international organizations. This book explores how the notion of neutrality has been used and how a neutralist discourse developed in history. As such, Neutrality in Twentieth-Century Europe presents a different perspective on the century than the story of the great belligerent powers, and one in which science, culture, and politics are inextricably mixed.
Cold War Science and the Transatlantic Circulation of Knowledge
Cold War Science and the Transatlantic Circulation of Knowledge delves into how the Cold War, as a global phenomenon, shaped local conditions and decisions for science in light of US-Europe relationships. The articles in this volume, edited by Jeroen van Dongen, show how the western network in which science was circulated and produced was strongly conditioned by the state and its international relations. The workings of secrecy, the consequences of US hegemony and decolonization, and the ambitions of post-war recovery attempts were all mediated through the interference of the state and through its relative position in the network. At the same time, hubristic expectations prefigured in the state’s relation to science.
A Place in Space
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The Oxford Handbook of Swiss Politics
This volume provides a comprehensive analysis of the many different facets of the Swiss political system and of the major developments in modern Swiss politics. It brings together a diverse set of more than 50 leading experts in their respective areas, who explore Switzerland's distinctive and sometimes intriguing politics at all levels and across multiple themes. In placing the topics in an international and comparative context and in conversation with the broader scholarly literature, the contributors provide a much-needed counterpoint to the rather idealized and sometimes outdated perception of Swiss politics. The work is divided into thematic sections that represent the inherent diversit...
Creation, Migration, and Conquest
Creation, Migration, and Conquest analyses how the Anglo-Saxons' spatial imaginaire shapes perceptions and representations of geographical space. Exploring spatial representations found in both historical documents and verse, it highlights the links between place, identity, and collective destiny.
Recherche et enseignement supérieur face à l'internationalisation
Dans un contexte en transformation, les systèmes nationaux de recherche et d'enseignement supérieur rencontrent des défis semblables : avènement de la société ou de l'économie du savoir, globalisation scientifique, compétitivité, évaluation et, enfin, acceptation sociale des sciences et des techniques. Les Etats (mais aussi les chercheurs) répondent toutefois à ces défis de façon différente, en fonction de leur tradition, de leurs spécificités ou de leur marge de manoeuvre. La dimension internationale de la recherche et de l'enseignement supérieur est depuis longtemps un objet d'étude assez controversé et fait actuellement toujours problème : depuis la Seconde Guerre mon...
Das Jungfraujoch
Mit dem Bau der Bahn auf das Jungfraujoch und deren Eröffnung im Jahr 1912 war die Idee verbunden, wissenschaftliche Forschung auf «höchster» Ebene durchführen zu können. 1931 schliesslich, nach fast zehnjähriger Vorarbeit, nahm die wissenschaftliche Forschungsstation auf der Bergstation des Jungfraujochs die Arbeit auf. Ursprünglich als Projekt der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft und des Schweizer Alpen-Clubs geplant, konnte 1930 eine internationale Stiftung mit Beteiligung von Forschungsgemeinschaften aus Deutschland, Österreich und Grossbritannien ins Leben gerufen werden. Die zunehmend schwierige internationale Lage in den 1930er-Jahren und die Kriegsjahre stellten...
