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The goal for this volume is to provide an up-to-date review of the discriminative stimulus properties of major psychoactive drug classes with an emphasis on how this paradigm enhances our understanding of these drugs and how these findings translate from animals to humans. The drug discrimination paradigm applies to both drugs of abuse and drugs for treating mental illnesses, and research from these studies has provided immense translational value for learning about the mechanisms responsible for drug effects in humans.
The volume describes the optical spectra of Nd2+ and Nd3+ ions in host materials. The Nd3+ ion is one of the most important activator ions in solid-state laser crystals. Thus its optical spectra arising from transitions within the levels of the 4f manifold have been extensively investigated. The field is surveyed by an expert author who discusses the spectra of Nd3+ in solid inorganic neodymium compounds in great detail. In addition, a complete survey is given on the Nd3+ spectra in host crystals of other inorganic non-rare earth compounds and also on the effects of codoping of additional rare earth ions in these compounds. Spectra of Nd3+ in other hosts will be discussed in a forthcoming volume.
This edited book considers social systems as self-organizing structures that reproduce new structural elements endowed with certain functional connections. The authors analyze innovative processes in social systems, leading to the sustainable convergence of knowledge and the emergence of technologies that improve the level of material well-being in society. The book summarizes research results in the field of digitalization and reveals deep connections with social problems. In addition, the book presents a whole array of innovative research on social systems management and the application of knowledge and intelligence to the solution of social problems. The contributing scholars and practiti...
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This book presents selected research papers on current developments in the fields of computer vision and machine intelligence from International Conference on Computer Vision and Machine Intelligence (CVMI 2022). The book covers topics in image processing, artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning, computer vision, machine intelligence, etc. The book is useful for researchers, postgraduate and undergraduate students, and professionals working in this domain.
In this annotated bibliography, an attempt has been made to summarise the international research experience up to date covering various aspects of environmental degradation, by pesticides and organic chemicals and its control. Broadly, it enlists adsorption-desorption behaviour of soils; microbial activity, degradation and bio-remedition; soil, water and atmospheric pollution; agricultural activity; crop rotation; climate run off and water pollution; disease, pest control and plant protection measures.