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The search for general laws and regularities in Translation Studies gained new momentum in the 1990s when Baker (1993) promoted the use of large electronic corpora as research tools for exploring the linguistic features that render the language of translation different from the language of non-translated texts. By comparing a corpus of translated and non-translated English texts, Baker and her research team put forward the hypothesis that translated texts are characterized by some “universal features”, namely simplification, explicitation, normalization and levelling-out. The purpose of this study is to test whether simplification, explicitation and normalization apply to Italian transla...
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About sixty years ago, the anomalous magnetic response of certain magnetic alloys drew the attention of theoretical physicists. It soon became clear that understanding these systems, now called spin glasses, would give rise to a new branch of statistical physics. As physical materials, spin glasses were found to be as useless as they were exotic. They have nevertheless been recognized as paradigmatic examples of complex systems with applications to problems as diverse as neural networks, amorphous solids, biological molecules, social and economic interactions, information theory and constraint satisfaction problems.This book presents an encyclopaedic overview of the broad range of these applications. More than 30 contributions are compiled, written by many of the leading researchers who have contributed to these developments over the last few decades. Some timely and cutting-edge applications are also discussed. This collection serves well as an introduction and summary of disordered and glassy systems for advanced undergraduates, graduate students and practitioners interested in the topic.
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Physical and biological basis of proton and of carbon ion radiation therapy and clinical outcome data / Herman Suit, Thomas F. Delaney and Alexei Trofimov -- The production of radionuclides for radiotracers in nuclear medicine / Thomas J. Ruth -- Proton radiation therapy in the hospital environment : conception, development, and operation of the initial hospital-based facility / James M. Slater, Jerry D. Slater and Andrew J. Wroe -- Microwave electron linacs for oncology / David H. Whittum -- Heavy-particle radiotherapy : system design and application / H. Tsujii, S. Minohara and K. Noda -- High frequency linacs for hadrontherapy / Ugo Amaldi, Saverio Braccini and Paolo Puggioni -- Medical c...