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Full of examples, photographs, maps, and diagrams, "Geology of the Lake Superior Region" integrates a discussion of basic physical geology into a chronological view of the geological processes that formed the Upper Midwest around Lake Superior. In clear, concise, jargon-free prose, Gene LaBerge has written the most accurate, complete, and current book on geology and landforms of the Upper Midwest.
A reconnaissance study carried out in conjunction with regional geologic mapping.
Northern Wisconsin is blessed with an abundance of sand and gravel resources deposited by the last major glacial advance. This is a mixed blessing, in that bedrock exposures are few and far between. A fair average would be about one small outcrop per township. Since the 1920's and extensive exploration for iron deposits, bedrock studies in northern Wisconsin have been few. In the late 1960's, Gene LaBerge and Paul Myers working for the Geological and Natural History Survey initiated detailed-reconnaissance mapping in the central part of the state. Renewed interest in the Precambrian geology of northern Wisconsin was spurred in 1968 with the discovery near Ladysmith in Rusk County of a small, but rich massive sulfide ore body. Additional discoveries since then include the Pelican River deposit near Rhinelander in Oneida County, and the Crandon deposit in Forest County. In addition, numerous theses and dissertations have studied the various Precambrian and Pleistocene units. Although present detailed coverage is sparse (less than five percent of Wisconsin is mapped in any detail), the general framework and distribution is known or can be inferred from geophysical studies.
Proterozoic quartzite is exposed at several isolated localities within an area of nearly 13,000 square kilometers in Wisconsin. Although early workers proposed that the quartzite is of two different ages, more recent workers have suggested that the various quartzite bodies are correlative, and that their protoliths were deposited between 1,760 and 1,630 Ma. Structural and stratigraphic studies of the quartzite deposits together with new age data indicate that the quartzite is at least of two distinct ages. Quartzite at McCaslin and Thunder Mountains, in northeastern Wisconsin, is older than 1,812 Ma, as indicated indirectly by a dated intrusion, and quartzite boulders in conglomerates in cen...
Evidence for Early Proterozoic north-verging folding and thrusting in the continental foreland of the Penokean orogen is present in two widely separated areas in northern Michigan. In the eastern part of the exposed orogen, asymmetric to over-turned folds in the Early Proterozoic Michigamme Formation suggest an initial (D1) phase of possibly north verging thin-skinned deformation. A second phase (D2 ) is characterized by a more thick skinned deformation consisting of northward thrusting of Archean gneiss and overlying Early Proterozoic quartzite along ductile thrust faults. Crosscutting shear zones indicate a third phase (D3 ) of deformation involving east- northeast thrusting of Archean gne...
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Proterozoic quartzite is exposed at several isolated localities within an area of nearly 13,000 square kilometers in Wisconsin. Although early workers proposed that the quartzite is of two different ages, more recent workers have suggested that the various quartzite bodies are correlative, and that their protoliths were deposited between 1,760 and 1,630 Ma. Structural and stratigraphic studies of the quartzite deposits together with new age data indicate that the quartzite is at least of two distinct ages. Quartzite at McCaslin and Thunder Mountains, in northeastern Wisconsin, is older than 1,812 Ma, as indicated indirectly by a dated intrusion, and quartzite boulders in conglomerates in cen...